BACKGROUND In Germany, vitamin D intake from food and synthesis in the skin is low, which leads to low 25(OH)D serum concentrations. In contrast to many other countries, general vitamin D food fortification is still prohibited in Germany, although the European Commission published a regulatory framework to harmonize addition of vitamins to foods. Thus the purpose of our study was to develop a v...

Historically, food fortification has served as a tool to address population-wide nutrient deficiencies such as rickets by vitamin D fortified milk. This article discusses the different policy strategies to be used today. Mandatory or voluntary fortification and fortified foods, which the consumer needs, also have to comply with nutritional, regulatory, food safety and technical issues. The 'wor...

Specific data on vitamin D2 and vitamin D3 are needed to enable the assessment of vitamin D dietary intake. These forms of the vitamin can occur in foods, both naturally or from fortification. The Nutrient Data Laboratory at the Beltsville Human Nutrition Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, US Department of Agriculture collaborated with vitamin D experts in an analytic project with ...

Objectives: Vitamin E is an important human lipophilic antioxidant and is required for many metabolic functions. A high vitamin E intake appears to favorably impact a variety of disease processes. The vitamin E intake, excluding supplemental intake, of the vast majority of adults is below the current recommended level. By consuming vitamin E-enriched food, it is possible to take in adequate amo...

Background: Immigration to Sweden from lower latitude countries has increased in recent years. Studies in the general population in other Nordic countries have demonstrated that these groups are at risk of developing vitamin D deficiency, but studies in primary health care patients are rare. Objectives: The aim of this study is to examine possible differences in plasma-25(OH)-vitamin D levels a...

BACKGROUND Vitamin D is produced endogenously after sun exposure but can also be obtained from natural food sources, food fortification, and dietary supplements. OBJECTIVE We aimed to determine the vitamin D status of women (61-86 y old) living in central Sweden (latitude 60 degrees ) during winter and its relation with vitamin D intake and exposure to ultraviolet B radiation. DESIGN In a c...

In 1963, the American Academy of Pediatrics Committee on Nutrition recommended 400 IU of vitamin D per day for all infants and children. After the late 1970s, this became an inconsistent recommendation, particularly for breast-feeding infants. In 2003, however, the Committee on Nutrition of the American Academy of Pediatrics recommended 200 IU/d vitamin D for all infants and children. This was ...

The National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute Growth and Health Study was a 10-year longitudinal study of the development of obesity and cardiovascular disease risk factors (including dietary, psychosocial, environmental, and others) in 2379 African American and white girls who were 9 or 10 years old at study entry. Current studies have documented a high prevalence of vitamin D insufficiency am...

Background and aims: Diabetes affects all physical, emotional, and psychological aspects of patient’s health. Postmenopausal diabetic women are more susceptible due to their crucial conditions. The emotional regulatory role of vitamin D may be because of the existence of its receptors distributed in brain areas involved in emotional processing and affective disorders. The aim o...