Vitamin D has been an exciting fi eld of research in recent years, with more than 1400 publications published on the subject in 2008. The lay press has published articles, the internet is full of information and pharmacies have prominent displays of vitamin D supplements. Historically, vitamin D has been thought only to have an effect on calcium metabolism and bone. Vitamin D defi ciency was th...

1 and Th 17 hypercytokinemia in severe pandemic infl uenza, Bermejo-Martin and colleagues [1] observed signifi cantly elevated levels of IL-17 and par ticularly IL-6 in critically ill patients. Th ey also reported that up to 50% of critical care patients studied were obese. Correale and colleagues [2] indicate that activated vitamin D enhances the development of IL-10-producing cells and reduce...

Aim: Vitamin A defi ciency among children is still a public health problem in Indonesia. Serum/plasma retinol concentration is the best indicator in assessing vitamin A status. However, there is growing concern that infection/ infl ammation lowers serum retinol concentration, thus creating potential misinterpretation of vitamin A status, which could affect policy makers in planning suitable nut...

Chronic food defi cits affect about 792 million people in the world (1). Malnutrition directly or indirectly affects a variety of organ systems including the central nervous system (CNS). A number of nutritional conditions are included in the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) study, such as protein–energy malnutrition, iodine defi ciency, vitamin A defi ciency, and iron defi ciency anaemia. Over 1...

iamine is a water-soluble vitamin that plays a pivotal role in carbohydrate metabolism. In acute defi ciency, pyruvate accumulates and is metabolized to lactate, and chronic defi ciency may cause polyneuropathy and Wernicke encephalopathy. Classic symptoms include mental status change, ophthalmoplegia, and ataxia but are present in only a few patients [1]. Critically ill patients are prone to t...

Studies of dietary effects on chemical carcinogenesis in rats have demonstrated that colon tumor induction is enhanced by increased dietary fat intake or dietary defi ciency of vitamin A in some but not all cases. The enhancing effect of a high-fat diet is augmented by lipotrope defi ciency. Induction of hepatic tumors by several different carcinogens also is enhanced in rats fed a high-fat die...

ONER, P., DIRIK, E.B., TANER, Y., CAYKOYLU, A. and ANLAR, O. Association between Low Serum Ferritin and Restless Legs Syndrome in Patients with Attention Defi cit Hyperactivity Disorder. Tohoku J. Exp. Med., 2007, 213 (3), 269-276 ── Attention defi cit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a neurobehavioral disorder characterized by pervasive inattention and/or hyperactivity-impulsivity. It has been...

Brolin RE , LaMarca LB , Kenler HA et al . 2002 . Malabsorptive gastric bypass in patients with super obesity . Journal of Gastrointestinal Surgery 6 : 195 – 205 . Burns EM , Naseem H , Bottle A et al . 2010 . Introduction of laparoscopic bariatric surgery in England: observational population cohort study . British Medical Journal 341 : c4296 . Decker GA , Swain JM , Crowell MD et al . 2007 . G...

The numbers of older people in the world have been growing rapidly. Anemia is the most common hematologic problem encountered in older adults. However, anemia should not be accepted as an inevitable consequence of aging. Anemia in the elderly signifi es an underlying disease. Iron Defi ciency Anemia (IDA) is being one of the most common causes of anemia in older people. IDA in the elderly is of...