When most people think of vitamin E, more often than not they think of tocopherols—the most prominent being alpha-tocopherol. However, vitamin E refers to a family of eight distinct compounds: four tocopherols and four tocotrienols. While most people are familiar with alpha-tocopherol, other tocopherol forms include beta-, gamma-, and delta-. Similarly, the vitamin E family includes alpha-, bet...

A floor pen study was conducted to determine the efficacy of vitamin D source and level on performance and bone mineralization of broilers fed dietary treatments for six weeks. Dietary treatments included: 1) Basal diet supplemented with NRC recommended levels of vitamin D3 (200,000 ICU/ton); 2) Basal plus 2.5 million ICU (MICU) D3 /ton; 3) basal plus 2.5 MICU D3/ton plus 62.5 mg Hy-D/ton; 4) b...

Minerals play an essential role in the normal vital process.Calcium, phosphorus and magnesium are the most abundant minerals. Vitamin D and parathyroid hormone play a key role in regulation of their homeostasis as well. The aim of this study was to evaluate calcium, phosphorus, magnesium, vitamin D and parathyroid hormone on 30 Caspian horses of Guilan Province (south of the Caspian Sea) in two...

BACKGROUND Many chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS) and fibromyalgia syndrome (FMS) patients (35-68%) use nutritional supplements, while it is unclear whether deficiencies in vitamins and minerals contribute to symptoms in these patients. Objectives were (1) to determine vitamin and mineral status in CFS and FMS patients as compared to healthy controls; (2) to investigate the association between vit...

The authors review the current literature on the complementary and alternative medicines most frequently utilized by prostate cancer patients and those at risk for the disease. Products covered are vitamin E, vitamin A, selenium, zinc, soy, lycopene, pomegranate juice, green tea and omega-3 fatty acids. There is no definitive proof that any of the nutritional supplements discussed can impact th...

We investigated the effect of pre-race intake of vitamins and minerals, in the form of supplementation, before a multi-stage ultra-endurance run and their effect on race performance. At the Deutschlandlauf 2006 in Germany, where athletes had to run across Germany from the north (Kap Arkona-Rügen) to the south (Lörrach) over 1,200 km within 17 consecutive stages, twenty male ultra runners (46.2+...

Vitamins and minerals are necessary for many metabolic processes in the body and are important in supporting growth and development. Vitamins and minerals also are required in numerous reactions involved with exercise and physical activity, including energy, carbohydrate, fat and protein metabolism, oxygen transfer and delivery, and tissue repair. The vitamin and mineral needs of athletes have ...

We examined the effects of vitamin and mineral supplementation of the finishing diet on growth and accelerated chilling of carcasses on carcass and muscle traits of halothane gene carrier and noncarrier pigs. Barrows and gilts that were either monomutants (MON, n = 49) or noncarriers (NON, n = 28) of the halothane gene were fed a standard finishing diet until they reached 86 kg. They then were ...