Common variation in colour vision exists among both colour normal and colour deficient subjects. Differences at a few amino acid positions that influence the spectra of the L and M cone pigments account for most of this variation. The genes encoding the L and M photopigments are arranged in head-to-tail arrays on the X-chromosome, beginning with the L and followed by one or more M pigment genes...

OBJECTIVE visual disorders are among the earliest symptoms of Alzheimer's disease. It is, however, still controversial as to whether Alzheimer's disease impairs colour vision. In this study, colour vision of Alzheimer's disease patients was tested using the Ishihara test and the PV-16 choice test. The latter test, primarily designed for children, was chosen in order to avoid problems due to cog...

PURPOSE To develop and assess new color vision tests to be used in evaluating faulty color recognition. METHODS We developed new color vision tests to evaluate faulty color recognition. The two types of color vision tests, designed to assess faulty color recognition in color vision deficiencies, are based on principles that are different from those of the conventional color vision tests. In t...

I account for a large fraction of the data transmitted on the Internet (1). The sizes of these images, when compressed for storage and transmission, depend on their spatial resolution (number of pixels) and color resolution (number of color quantization levels). Existing image compression methods such as JPEG take into account human visual perception but assume an individual with normal color v...