Many renewable energy resources like windturbines or solar collectors are volatile and unstable. Distributed energy producing entities are clustered to virtual power plants that – from a black-box perspective – should act like conventional stable power plants. It is the task of intelligent control strategies to compensate fluctuations and to exploit renewable recourses to a maximal extend. In t...

Virtual Power Plants (VPPs) are fast emerging as a suitable means of integrating small and distributed energy resources (DERs), like wind solar, into the electricity supply network (Grid). VPPs formed via aggregation large number such DERs, so that they exhibit characteristics traditional generator in terms predictability robustness. In this work, we promote formation "cooperative'' (CVPPs) usi...

The production process of steel can be divided into two processes: from ironstone to (long process) or scrap (short process). As for short process, through the automatic control system, electric arc furnace (EAF) temporarily shut down realize load regulation, which helps maintain power balance during peak period. In this paper, Virtual Power Plant (VPP) is considered aggregate steelworks partic...

Distributed electricity generation is increasingly applied in the electricity grid. This generation can be more energy efficient than conventional generation; however, a large scale introduction of distributed generators implies possible instability in the grid. A Virtual Power Plant (VPP) deals with this problem by controlling the distributed generators in such a way, that the complete group a...

The increasing participation of renewables in power systems has forced system operators to strengthen grid codes requiring renewable plants (RPPs) provide fast frequency support such as inertia response and oscillation damping. To cope with new requirements, this article proposes the implementation a virtual synchronous plant controller (VSPPC) for RPPs. VSPPC takes most from emulating behavior...

The goal of this study is to develop a “virtual collaborator” as a new type of human interface environment. The virtual collaborator is an intelligent agent realized in VR space, who can communicate naturally with human like humans do with each other. As the first step of this study, the authors have constructed a prototype virtual collaborator who can behave just like plant operator in the con...

Distributed renewable energy, loads, and power sources can be aggregated into virtual plants (VPPs) to participate in energy market transactions generate additional revenue. In order better coordinate the transaction relationships among various entities within VPPs, this paper proposes a two-stage optimization model for VPPs that considers user-VPP-equipment alliance. Firstly, starting from bas...