The natural floral color change in Viola cornuta cv. Yesterday, Today and Tomorrow (YTT) provides an opportunity to examine the expression of genes along the anthocyanin biosynthetic pathway in response to known environmental triggers during ontogeny. We have cloned and sequenced gene fragments from three anthocyanin biosynthetic genes, chalcone synthase (CHS), dihydroflavonol 4-reductase (DFR)...

Floriculture crops can lose their aesthetic quality due to water deficit during postproduction. Calcium is a secondary messenger in plant stress signaling, and the treatment of calcium has been proposed alleviate damage by various abiotic stresses. The objective this research was evaluate application methods delay wilting under deficiency three species bedding plants: viola (Viola cornuta), imp...

many medical properties including antimicrobial, anticancer, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, etc. have been mentioned for Viola odorata. results have shown the solid cell-killing effects of Viola odorata cycloidal compounds. In addition, Pathogen resistance has necessitated the study of new antimicrobial compounds. This study aimed to evaluate the antimicrobial and anticancer effects of aqueous...

Ilex, the largest genus of dioecious woody plants, is a good study system to assess the role of hybridization in speciation and evolution. Ilex dabieshanensis, a tree endemic to Dabieshan Mountains region, was initially described as a new species. Based on morphological intermediacy and sympatric distribution with its putative parental species, I. cornuta and I. latifolia, we proposed it as a n...

Violets of the sections Melanium were examined for their colonization by arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF). Heartsease (Viola tricolor) from several heavy metal soils was AMF-positive at many sites but not at extreme biomes. The zinc violets Viola lutea ssp. westfalica (blue zinc violet) and ssp. calaminaria (yellow zinc violet) were always AMF-positive on heavy metal soils as their natural ha...