This chapter presents the incorporation and use of regular vines into Estimation of Distribution Algorithms for solving numerical optimization problems. Several kinds of statistical dependencies among continuous variables can be taken into account by using regular vines. This work presents a procedure for selecting the most important dependencies in EDAs by truncating regular vines. Moreover, t...

WHIGHAM, D. 1984. The influence of vines on the growth of Liquidambar styraciflua L. (sweetgum). Can. J. For. Res. 14: 37-39. The effect of vines on diameter growth of Liquidambar styraciflua L. (sweetgum) in a 40-year-old abandoned field was measured by vine removal experiments. Removal of vines from the trunk, branches, and ground had a significant positive effect on growth during each of the...

Previous surveys of vineyards had indicated that Mesocriconema xenoplax was present in 85% of vineyards in western Oregon, but yields were not depressed in established vines. Microplot studies were initiated in 1997 in a Willamette Valley vineyard to determine the impact of M. xenoplax on vine establishment. Plots were infested with 0.03, 0.6, and 3.0 M. xenoplax g soil and planted with self-ro...

BACKGROUND The potential of systemic neonicotinoid insecticides to control potato leafhopper, Empoasca fabae (Harris), a damaging pest of wine grapes in the eastern United States, was investigated. Soil or foliar applications were made to potted or field-grown vines, and the response of leafhoppers was determined in clip cages over the following month on young or mature leaves. RESULTS Foliar...

Bud necrosis (BN) of grape is observed as an abortion and drying of one or more primordia of the developing compound winter bud. The causes are uncertain, but high vigor, and canopy shade increase BN incidence under some conditions. This work was conducted to determine if localized carbohydrate or mineral nutrient deprivation increased the incidence of BN observed with ‘Riesling’ grapes in Virg...

Mimicry refers to adaptive similarity between a mimic organism and a model. Mimicry in animals is rather common, whereas documented cases in plants are rare, and the associated benefits are seldom elucidated [1, 2]. We show the occurrence of leaf mimicry in a climbing plant endemic to a temperate rainforest. The woody vine Boquila trifoliolata mimics the leaves of its supporting trees in terms ...