Hypoarousal as indicated by skin conductance and electroencephalography (EEG) has been discussed as a pathogenetic factor in attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). The aim of this paper was to review these arousal-related pathogenetic concepts and to present the more recently proposed vigilance regulation model of affective disorders and ADHD. The latter builds on methodological advan...

OBJECTIVE We describe major discoveries and developments in vigilance research. BACKGROUND Vigilance tasks have typically been viewed as undemanding assignments requiring little mental effort. The vigilance decrement function has also been considered to result from a decline in arousal brought about by understimulation. METHODS Recent research in vigilance is reviewed in four areas: studies...

Prey animals often have to trade off foraging against vigilance. However, vigilance is costly and individuals are expected to adjust their vigilance and its cost in relation to social cues and their predation risk. To test this, we conducted playback experiments in the field to study how lions' (Panthera leo) roars and male impalas' (Aepyceros melampus) territorial vocalizations affected the vi...

Introduction: When there is a pain requiring focused clinical attention and is associated with emotional and functional disorders, it is called pain disorder. The present study aims to study the role of selective attention, vigilance and ambivalence over emotional expressiveness for predicting pain severity in patients with chronic musculoskeletal pains. Methods: The study population included 1...

Decades of vigilance research have contributed much to our understanding of the factors affecting sustained attention. However most of what we know about vigilance has been from studies employing tasks that involve relatively static stimuli presented on relatively uncluttered backgrounds. This bears little resemblance to many modern day vigilance tasks. The present study discusses the challenge...

OBJECTIVE In a pilot study it was investigated whether assessment of EEG-vigilance is useful for the prediction of treatment outcome in ADHD patients. METHODS Resting EEG recordings of 49 unmedicated ADHD patients and 49 age-matched controls were analyzed. Vigilance level was determined for 1-s segments with a computer-based algorithm, distinguishing six stages from higher vigilance stages A1...

For many human machine interaction systems, the operators need to retain high and constant level of vigilance to prevent accidents. Comparing with other techniques that used for vigilance monitoring such as face recognition; a new technique was emerged that based on using the electroencephalogram (EEG) signals from the brain to reflect the vigilance level much sooner and more accurately. Howeve...

Much of the previous research on anti-predation vigilance in groups has assumed independent scanning for threats among group members. Alternative patterns that are based on monitoring the vigilance levels of companions can also be adaptive. Coordination of vigilance, in which foragers avoid scanning at the same time as others, should decrease the odds that no group member is alert. Synchronisat...

  Purpose: This study has for objective the assessment of the vigilance, mood states variations and the blood glucose levels, during a triangular effort progressive in trained athletes during Ramadan fasting (RF). Methods. Ten trained male athletes aged 21.8 ± 1.1 years are evaluated before (B.RF), during (1st, 2nd and 3th week) and after Ramadan fasting, in the blood-glucose, vigilance, and mo...