Figure 1 is a general block diagram for an AGC loop. The input signal passes through the VGA to produce a signal output whose level will be stabilized. The output level is measured by a detector, whose output is compared against a setpoint voltage to produce an error signal. The error signal is then integrated to produce a gain control voltage that is applied to the control input of the VGA. It...

We describe an all CMOS variable gain ampliier (VGA) suitable for use in disk drive read channels. The VGA maintains a 3dB bandwidth greater than 85 MHz throughout its gain range. This ensures good phase linearity for data transfer rates of up to 50Mb/s. The VGA provides a 25dB gain variation along an ideal exponential gain to control voltage curve and 30dB of gain control if ideal exponential ...

Wired CDMA interface with adaptivity for interconnect capacitances is designed to receive transmitted data even under a wide variety of connection topologies. The variable gain amplifier (VGA) is one of key circuit blocks to realize the adaptivity for interconnect capacitances. The system level numerical simulations derive the VGA specifications that the required VGA gain range is from 0.37 to ...

This is a VLSI implementation of a VGA Controller. It uses a custom cell library developed in Cadence for a half micron process. The VGA controller is designed in verilog. It is a coprocessor for an external CPU.

This paper reports two variable-gain amplifiers (VGAs) featuring a new pseudo-current-steering gain-tuning technique. In the first VGA (VGA-I), single-voltage-controlled dual-branch current mirror is developed as standalone gain control block. second (VGA-II), NMOS transistors, which are biased by tunable voltage, integrated into conventional common-source amplifier to steer away from part of t...

A novel streptogramin A, pleuromutilin, and lincosamide resistance determinant, Vga(E), was identified in porcine methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) ST398. The vga(E) gene encoded a 524-amino-acid protein belonging to the ABC transporter family. It was found on a multidrug resistance-conferring transposon, Tn6133, which was comprised of Tn554 with a stably integrated 4,787-bp DN...

OBJECTIVES To investigate the genetic basis of pleuromutilin resistance in coagulase-negative staphylococci of porcine origin that do not carry known pleuromutilin resistance genes and to determine the localization and genetic environment of the identified resistance gene. METHODS Plasmid DNA of two pleuromutilin-resistant Staphylococcus cohnii and Staphylococcus simulans isolates was transfo...

The diagnosis of villoglandular adenocarcinoma of cervix on cytological smears is often missed due to the relatively bland cytological features of this tumour. A 45-year-old female with an exophytic cervical growth had three cervical smears reported as unsatisfactory. A cervical biopsy followed by Wertheim's hysterectomy showed a villoglandular adenocarcinoma (VGA) of cervix. Vaginal recurrence...

A novel ABC transporter gene, vga(C), was identified on the 14,365-bp multiresistance plasmid pKKS825 in a porcine methicillin (meticillin)-resistant Staphylococcus aureus isolate of sequence type 398. The vga(C) gene encodes a 523-amino-acid protein which confers resistance not only to streptogramin A antibiotics but also to lincosamides and pleuromutilins. Plasmid pKKS825 also carries the res...

MOTIVATION Next-generation sequencing technologies sequence viruses with ultra-deep coverage, thus promising to revolutionize our understanding of the underlying diversity of viral populations. While the sequencing coverage is high enough that even rare viral variants are sequenced, the presence of sequencing errors makes it difficult to distinguish between rare variants and sequencing errors. ...