A general formulation of cultural and genetic transmission is developed. The cultural transmission is vertical and the genetics may involve multiple loci. Each individual is represented by a phenogenotype, and conditions are given under which the evolutionary dynamics of phenogenotype frequencies are reducible to phenogametic or phenoallelic frequencies. The interaction between genes and cultur...

We have discovered that, in certain crosses of natural isolates of Neurospora intermedia, linear and circular mitochondrial plasmids of the maternal parent are not transmitted to the progeny. This contrasts with the maternal transmission of organellar genetic elements generally observed in crosses between laboratory strains and between other natural isolates. Formally, failure of plasmid transm...

We demonstrate a 3D conductive coupling mechanism for the efficient generation of prominent and robust Fano resonances in 3D metamaterials (MMs) formed by integrating vertical U-shape split-ring resonators (SRRs) or vertical rectangular plates along a planar metallic hole array with extraordinary optical transmission (EOT). In such a configuration, intensified vertical E-field is induced along ...

A final size relation is derived for a general class of epidemic mod els, including models with multiple susceptible classes. The derivation depends on an explicit formula for the basic reproduction number of a general class of disease transmission models, which is extended to calculate the basic reproduction number in models with vertical transmission. Applications are given to specific models...

One of the most important modes of transmission of Trypanosoma cruzi infection in areas where it is not endemic is vertical transmission: from mother to child. The objective of this report is to assess the efficacy of different programmes of serological screening to monitor infection with T. cruzi in pregnant Latin American women living in Madrid (Spain). To achieve this, a retrospective study ...

Melanie Taylor and colleagues discuss progress towards eliminating vertical transmission of HIV and syphilis.

This article consists of geoelectrical resistivity data sets for thirty (30) vertical electrical sounding (VES) and four (4) traverses of 2D electrical resistivity imaging (ERI) collected within Iyesi, Ota, southwestern Nigeria for about five (5) weeks between December, 2016 and January, 2017 using an ABEM Terrameter (SAS1000/4000). The observed apparent resistivity data sets for the VES were p...

To identify preoperative factors which influence the effectiveness of strabismus surgery in adults, we retrospectively reviewed the records of 179 patients > 15 years old (131 with exotropia, 48 with esotropia) who had had combined recession and resection surgery for correction of horizontal strabismus. Eighteen preoperative variables were evaluated; those with significant influence on the surg...

The question as to how the ratio of horizontal to vertical transmission depends on the coefficient of horizontal transmission is investigated in host-parasite models with one or two parasite strains. In an apparent paradox, this ratio decreases as the coefficient is increased provided that the ratio is taken at the equilibrium at which both host and parasite persist. Moreover, a completely vert...