Recognizing mathematical expression is important to reduce time in converting image-based documents like PDF to text-based documents that are easy to use and edit. In case of general character recognition, the sequence of character segmentation is from left to right, and from top to bottom. However, mathematical expression is a kind of twodimension visual language. Thus, segmentation is more co...

In this search, we review the relationship of Anosov diffeomorphism with hyperbolic dynamic systems, where present some definitions and basic observations it. We find that map possesses topological transitive sensitive dependence on initial conditions other tools chaos, therefore has chaotic properties by using many chaos.

The study of translation technique with appraisal approach have been done by several researchers. However, the affect realitations has not touched in detail. relates to emotions that are being felt someone or characters on story. Thus, translator must comprehend situational context especially emotional dimention. This aimed perceive translator’s techniques for adjusting realitation affects targ...