Examination of vertebral arteries is often neglected in most hospital and coroner's necropsies. This is undoubtedly a reflection of the relative inaccessibility of these vessels, but this neglect belies their pathological importance. Although there have been several pathological studies of the vertebral arteries, none of these studies described a method for removing the arteries that would be s...

Accessible online at: www.karger.com/ene Fig. 1. Initial cervical MRA revealing severe stenosis of both vertebral arteries (left). Following steroids, significant repermeabilization of the vertebral arteries (middle, right). The level of stenosis is identical in both arteries and corresponds to the junction between the intracranial and extracranial portions. Fig. 2. Sagittal T 2 -weighted MRI r...

PURPOSE To demonstrate that the in vivo flow from individual vertebral arteries can be imaged and tracked in the basilar artery by use of saturation planes with three-dimensional time of flight MR angiography. METHODS Twenty volunteers were studied with intracranial three-dimensional time of flight angiography MR. The MR angiography was repeated with saturation of the individual vertebral art...

Using gerbils, the effects of hypothermia on ischemia-reperfusion injury of the cochlea were studied. Under normothermic or hypothermic (rectal temperature 32°C) conditions, cochlear ischemia was created by occluding the bilateral vertebral arteries for 15 minutes in gerbils, which lack the posterior cerebral communicating arteries since the labyrinthine arteries are nourished solely by the ver...

AIMS To establish whether abnormalities in the course of the vertebral artery occur and whether they are relevant to arterial injury associated with head and neck movements. METHODS Twenty vertebral arteries were carefully dissected at necropsy and abnormalities in course were noted, along with any other bony or cartilaginous cervical anomalies. The effect of head and neck movement on these v...

A 53-year-old man presented with episodes of orthostatic diplopia and gait and bilateral limb ataxia. Examination showed gait ataxia. MRI (figure) revealed bilateral watershed infarctions between medial and lateral branches of the superior cerebellar arteries (SCA), with a preocclusive left vertebral artery stenosis.1,2 In bilateral vertebral artery occlusion/stenosis or unilateral vertebral hy...

This study examined the characteristics of vertebral artery hypoplasia in 346 arteries of adult black Kenyans. The circumference was measured on haematoxylin/eosin stained microscopic sections of the distal one-third of the intracranial vertebral arteries using scion image analyser. Internal diameter was calculated in millimetre. Data were analysed using SPSS version 16.0. Vertebral artery hypo...

The indications for revascularization of the vertebral arteries are symptoms of vertebrobasilar insufficiency, namely, dizziness, visual disturbances, and confusion or coma. There is a great deal of variation from patient to patient in the severity of lesions causing symptoms . In some patients the degree of stenosis may be severe yet the patient may experience minimal or no symptoms; in others...

Vertebral arteries were studied by Duplex scanning in 50 normal subjects. Pretransverse and C6-C5, C5-C4 intertransverse segments were visualized in all cases on both sides; segment C4-C3 was visualized in 100% of the cases on the right side and in 90% on the left; ostium was obtained in 94% of the cases on the right and in 60% on the left. The left vertebral artery was dominant in 48% of the c...