The secondary male sex characteristics of Hoplolaimus galeatus consisted of caudal alae, two independently retractable spicules and a gubernaculum with two bilobed titillae. The spicules were dimorphic, with the outer one possessing a velum. When both spicules were completely extruded, the only open orifice on the ventral surface of the posterior region was formed by the close association of th...

M.R.I. techniques have been used to describe velum opening of French vowels. Data based on 18 joined axial slices of 4 mm thickness were recorded with two subjects. Differences in vclum opening are calculated from areas measured in the tract between the lowered velum and the back pharynx wall. A 3 D modelling of this tract is also proposed.

Previous studies have found that the velum in speech production may not only serve as a binary switch with on-off states for nasal and non-nasal sounds, but also partially alter the acoustic characteristics of non-nasalized sounds. The present study investigated the unique functions of the velum in the production of non-nasalized sounds by using morphological, mechanical, and acoustical measure...

Many nutritive symbioses between chemoautotrophic bacteria and invertebrates, such as Solemya velum , have d 13 C values of ~30 to 35‰, considerably more depleted than phytoplankton. Most of the chemoautotrophic symbionts fix carbon with a form IA ribulose 1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase (RubisCO). We hypothesized that this form of RubisCO discriminates against 13 CO 2 to a greater extent than oth...

Abstract Introduction Sleep endoscopy during natural sleep will be ideal, to evaluate the upper airway episodes of obstructive apnea, but quite difficult achieve. Drug-induced is an alternative standard care document level and severity collapse airway. It especially benefit for patients who are intolerant positive pressure used as a part work-up therapy treating apnea. Using propofol infusion B...

The protobranch bivalve Solemya velum Say (Mollusca: Bivalvia) houses chemoautotrophic symbionts intracellularly within its gills. These symbionts were characterized through sequencing of polymerase chain reaction-amplified 16S rRNA coding regions and hybridization of an Escherichia coli gene probe to S. velum genomic DNA restriction fragments. The symbionts appeared to have only one copy of th...

Velopharyngeal insufficiency (VPI) can occur in the setting of an unrepaired or repaired cleft lip and palate. The rate of VPI has been documented as high as 33% in some studies with higher rates of recurrences following surgery associated with genetic syndromes such as 22q11.2 deletions. The primary cause of VPI in these groups is still identified as the anatomic abnormalities of the velum. In...

This paper describes an exploratory analysis on the usefulness of the information made available from Ultrasonic Doppler signal data collected from a single speaker, to detect velum movement associated to European Portuguese nasal vowels. This is directly related to the unsolved problem of detecting nasality in silent speech interfaces. The applied procedure uses Real-Time Magnetic Resonance Im...

BACKGROUND The velum interpositum and structures lying within and over it undergo morbid anatomical changes with hydrocephalus that have not been mentioned in the literature. OBJECTIVES The aim of this article is to describe the diverse endoscopic anatomical findings for this surgically important region. MATERIALS AND METHODS One thousand five hundred and twenty cranial endoscopic procedure...