Chemical-mechanical planarization (CMP) is an enabling technique to achieve uniformity of dielectric and conductor height in BEOL manufacturing processes. Dummy fill insertion improves the uniformity of metal feature density and enhances the planarization that can be obtained by CMP, but can also change the coupling and total capacitance of interconnects [1], [2]. Additionally, dishing and eros...

tobacco is planted extensively in golestan province and high volume of its stem wastes remained without using and it is burned. as a useful purpose of these wastes and to reduce the environmental problems, in this the mechanical properties of polypropylene composites reinforced with tobacco stalk flour were studied. for this purpose, the tobacco stalk flour as the reinforcement, in three levels...

Low module coupling is considered to be a desirable quality for modular programs to have. Previously, coupling has been de ned subjectively, and not quanti ed, making it di cult to use in practice. In this paper, we extend previous work to re ect newer programming languages, and quantify coupling by developing a general software metric system that allows us to automatically measure coupling. We...

The main challenge in Wastewater Treatment Plants (WWTP) by activated sludge process is the reduction of the energy consumption that varies according to the pollutant load of influent. However, this energy is fundamentally used for aerators in a biological process. The modeling of energy consumption according to the decision parameters deemed necessary for good control of the active sludge ...

This research investigated key factors in learning conceptual material about statistics, and tested the effect of variability during retrieval practice. The goal was to build a model of learning for schedule-based interventions. Participants (n = 230) completed multiple reading and test trials with fill in the blank sentences about basic statistics concepts. The experiment was a 2 (trial type: ...

Using 4 flavors of staggered fermions at infinite gauge coupling, we compare various analytic results for the hadron spectrum with exact Monte Carlo simulations. Agreement with Ref. [4] is very good, at the level of a few percent. Our results give credence to a discrepancy between the baryon mass and the critical chemical potential, for which baryons fill the lattice at zero temperature and inf...