نتایج جستجو برای: vapor layer
تعداد نتایج: 314759 فیلتر نتایج به سال:
This study explores the mechanism of flow boiling critical heat flux (CHF) for FC-72 in a 2.5 mm 5 mm vertical upflow channel that is heated along its 2.5 mm sidewall downstream of an adiabatic development section. Unlike most prior CHF studies, where the working fluid enters the channel in liquid state, the present study concerns saturated inlet conditions with finite vapor void. Temperature m...
Momentum and thermal boundary-layer thickness in a stagnation flow chemical vapor deposition reactor
Explicit expressions have been derived for momentum and thermal boundary-layer thickness of the laminar, uniform stagnation flows characteristic of highly convective chemical vapor deposition pedestal reactors. Expressions for the velocity and temperature profiles within the boundary layers have also been obtained. The results indicate that, to leading order, the momentum boundary-layer thickne...
Using time-domain thermoreflectance, we have measured the transport of thermally excited vibrational energy across planar interfaces between water and solids that have been chemically functionalized with a self-assembled monolayer (SAM). The Kapitza length--i.e., the thermal conductivity of water divided by the thermal conductance per unit area of the interface--is analogous to the "slip length...
[1] Water vapor in the subtropical troposphere plays an important role in the radiative balance, the distribution of precipitation, and the chemistry of the Earth’s atmosphere. Measurements of the water vapor mixing ratio paired with stable isotope ratios provide unique information on transport processes and moisture sources that is not available with mixing ratio data alone. Measurements of th...
High-quality and reproducible perovskite layer fabrication routes are essential for the implementation of efficient planar solar cells. Here, we introduce a sequential vapor-processing route based on physical vacuum evaporation of a PbCl2 layer followed by chemical reaction with methyl-ammonium iodide vapor. The demonstrated vapor-grown perovskite layers show compact, pinhole-free, and uniform ...
This paper presents a novel method of fabricating an enzymatic biosensor for breath analysis using chromatography paper as enzyme supporting layer and a liquid phase layer on top of screen printed carbon electrodes. We evaluated the performance with ethanol vapor being one of the breathing ingredients. The experimental results show that our sensor is able to measure the concentration of ethanol...
double layer zno/sno2 thin film resistive gas sensors were fabricated by successive pvd of those oxides onto porcelain substrates. the metallic contacts were provided by electron beam evaporation of platinum onto substrates prior to deposition of the gas sensitive layers. deposits were thermally annealed at different temperatures. it was shown that the activation energy of electrical conduction...
Since the cutting tools used in machining process of super alloys are subjected to high cutting forces, accordingly tools life is reduced, therefore improvement in alloys machining and reducing cutting forces to achieve longer tools life is an essential necessity. In this research, the effect of changes in feed rate on cutting forces in machining process of nickel based super alloys is investig...
a semi-empirical mathematical model for predicting physical part of ignition delay period in the combustion of direct - injection diesel engines with swirl is developed . this model based on a single droplet evaporation model . the governing equations , namely , equations of droplet motion , heat and mass transfer were solved simultaneously using a rung-kutta step by step unmerical method . the...
Measurements of soil volumetric moisture content and temperature were made at 2, 4, 7, 10, and 15 cm below the surface of a bare field soil, over a 1-week period at 20-min intervals. The conductive heat and liquid moisture fluxes were calculated for the soil layer 7–10 cm below the surface, and the water vapor flux was then determined from both the energy transfer and mass transfer equations. W...
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