Issues around water – its quality, use, availability and environmental value – can be a major point of tension between mineral projects and local communities. Failure to manage these issues appropriately can jeopardise the obtaining of regulatory approvals for new projects and place at risk the ‘social licence to operate’ of existing operations. Conversely, there may also be significant opportu...

This paper explores the idea that a proper valuing of natural environments is essential to (and not just a natural basis for) a broader human virtue that might be called ʻappreciation of the goodʼ. This kind of valuing can explain, without any commitment to a metaphysics of intrinsic values, how and why it is good to value certain natural phenomena for their own sakes. The objection that such a...

the aim of this paper is to generalize the‎‎notion of pseudo-almost valuation domains to arbitrary‎ ‎commutative rings‎. ‎it is shown that the classes of chained rings‎ ‎and pseudo-valuation rings are properly contained in the class of‎ ‎pseudo-almost valuation rings; also the class of pseudo-almost‎ ‎valuation rings is properly contained in the class of quasi-local‎ ‎rings with linearly ordere...

The valuation monoids and pseudo-valuation monoids have been established through valuation domains and pseudo-valuation domains respectively. In this study we continue these lines to describe the almost valuation monoids, almost pseudo-valuation monoids and pseudoalmost valuation monoids. Further we also characterized the newly described monoids as the spirit of valuation monoids pseudo-valuati...

This paper discusses the standard welfare economics assumption anthropocentric welfarism, i.e. that only human well-being counts intrinsically. New survey evidence from a representative sample in Sweden is presented, indicating that anthropocentrism is strongly rejected, on average. However, most people appear to have a consequentialistic ethics, in line with conventional welfare economics. The...

This paper discusses a fundamental market failure regarding environmental conservation, and how the problem can be solved by appropriate policies. A "seller" (or owner of a tropical forest) may be motivated to conserve if a "buyer" is expected to pay. The buyer, however, does not find it necessary to pay as long as the seller conserves in any case. This contradiction implies that the forest wil...

Let R be a ring and V be a matrix valuation on R. It is shown that, there exists a correspondence between matrix valuations on R and some special subsets ?(MVPR) of the set of all square matrices over R, analogous to the correspondence between invariant valuation rings and abelian valuation functions on a division ring. Furthermore, based on Malcolmson’s localization, an alternative proof for t...

valuation is one of the main subjects in investment management which plays an important role in efficient capital allocation. valuation has become an important subject since supreme leader addressed the 44th principal of constitutional law. considering many problems which have arrised in valuation and stock pricing by privatization organization during resent years,it is essential to pay more at...

Meta-analysis has increasingly been used to synthesise the environmental valuation literature, but only a few test the use of these analyses for benefit transfer. These are typically based on national studies only. However, meta-analyses of valuation studies across countries are a potentially powerful tool for benefit transfer, especially for environmental goods where the domestic literature is...