The purpose of this review is to summarize current information regarding the pathophysiology and management of vaginal atrophy (sometimes called "atrophic vaginitis") and to identify barriers to its treatment with local (or "topical") vaginal estrogen therapy. Relevant clinical trials, meta-analyses, and reviews were identified through the PubMed database. Local estrogen therapy is effective an...

candidiasis is one of the commonest causes of vaginitis.different treatment have been suggested for this disease.oral  itraconazole is one of the newest medications.to evaluate the antifungal activity of this drug in vaginal candidiasis,this study was performed on a random sample of patients.fifty patients with vaginal candidiasis confirmed by direct examination and culture,were treated by a si...

The start D’Souza,1 stated that the origins of the Periodic Health Examination (PHE) or screening occurred in a brothel in the papal state of Avignon in 1347, “when an abbess and a local surgeon, every Saturday, singly examined women ‘in the home’ and if any of them had contracted any illness by their whoring, they were separated from the rest and not allowed to prostitute themselves for fear t...

BACKGROUND Laparoscopically assisted vaginal hysterectomy is one of the most frequently performed gynecologic operations, and numerous authors have demonstrated its safety and feasibility. CASE PRESENTATION We practiced in some selected cases simultaneous laparoscopically assisted vaginal total hysterectomy with bilateral adnexectomy and laparoscopic cholecystectomy using 5 trocars without ut...

Vaginoscopy allows for diagnostic evaluation and treatment of the vaginal vault. A laparoscopic surgical port device and rigid telescope were utilized for serial vaginoscopy in 8 healthy anesthetized ewes. Vaginoscopy examinations were performed in each ewe at days 1, 14, and 28. This technique was well-tolerated and facilitated carbon dioxide vaginal inflation, complete vaginal examination, id...

BACKGROUND Brucellosis remains a major worldwide zoonosis. Caprine brucellosis is a significant problem for both public health and animal production. Brucella melitensis causes disease in goats, sheep, humans, and occasionally cattle. Transmission is by ingestion or contact with infected materials, vaginal discharge, or milk. OBJECTIVES The current study aimed to determine the rate of B. meli...

BACKGROUND To evaluate associations between alterations in vaginal flora and clinical symptoms in low-risk pregnant women. METHODS Vaginal specimens from 245 pregnant women were analyzed by microscopy for vaginal flora. Signs and symptoms of vaginal infection were determined by patient interviews and gynecologic examinations. RESULTS Abnormal vaginal flora was identified in 45.7% of the sub...

Successful vaginal birth after cesarean section is more comfortable than repeat emergency or elective cesarean section. Antenatal examinations are important in selection for trial of labor, while birth management can be difficult when the patients present at emergency condition. But there is an increased chance of vaginal birth with advanced cervical dilation. This study attempts to evaluate fa...

and art of midwifery are so many and so noteworthy, insist with much force upon the danger to the mother when the attendant makes frequent vaginal examinations. Dr. Julius Rosenberg 1 summarises these opinions, and endorses them with great emphasis. He pleads for the management of labour without internal examinations, which should be resorted to only in doubtful cases. He maintains that by abdo...