The interactions of water with H-ZSM-5, Cu-ZSM-5, and Co-ZSM-5 have been investigated by density functional theory (DFT). Calculations were also performed to determine the thermodynamics of metal removal from the zeolite. For all three forms of ZSM-5, water adsorbs by direct interaction of the O atom with the cation and hydrogen bonding of one of the two H atoms with an oxygen atom in the zeoli...

The use of H-ZSM-5 with various binders (Al 2 O 3 , SiO and kaolinite, 10 wt% on catalyst formulation) for the catalytic conversion glycerol to bio-based aromatics (GTA) was investigated in a continuous bench-scale unit at pyrolysis temperature 450 °C, upgrading 500 WHSV pure 1 h ?1 atmospheric pressure, their performance compared (SiO /Al molar ratio 28). latter gave peak BTX carbon yield ca. ...

Upgrading the coal is a process that increases calorific value of low-rank through decreasing moisture content coal. This method usually uses mixed heavy oil to close opened pores after upgrading. The additives have molecule structure like oil. aim this study determine effect on and upgrading process. Coal in applies several variations i.e., particle size mass with an additive which mixture vac...

in the 1970 s, regulations in some counries forced usersof heavy residue to limit pollutant emissions at industrial sites, also forced producers to up grade their heavy products for export and domestic use. for this reason iran as a producer, exporter and consumer has to develop mew upgrading processes.the most common processes for upgrading heavy oil are catalytic processes, but existence of h...

Fisher-Tropsch synthesis (FTS) is a promising method to make alternative hydrocarbons from biomass or other resources. Upgrading the primary FTS products of considerable interest. Cracking FT wax economically attractive produce light olefins. Herein, effects zeolite type, Si/Al ratio ZSM-5, and reaction condition on catalytic cracking were investigated. It was found that pore structure acid pro...

In order to elucidate the effect of sodium on the activity of ZSM-5 supported metal oxides catalysts (ZnO-Al2O3/ZSM-5 and SnO-Al2O3/ZSM-5) for the transesterification of soybean oil with methanol, ZSM-5 supported metal oxides were prepared with and without sodium hydroxide by impregnation. The metal compositions of the ZSM-5 supported metal oxide catalysts and the metal concentrations dissolved...

The conversion of syngas (CO + H2) to gasoline-ranged hydrocarbons was carried out using a hybrid catalyst consisting of metal-loaded ZSM-5 coupled with Cu-ZnO in a near-critical n-hexane solvent. Methanol was synthesized from syngas over Cu-ZnO; subsequently, was converted to hydrocarbons through the formation of dimethyl ether (DME) over the metal-loaded ZSM-5. When 0.5 wt% Pd/ZSM-5 and 5 wt%...

This study examines the performance of a new adsorbent, hexagonal nanostructured zeolite particles (HNZP) for acetone adsorption and compares the results with that of commercial mobil synthetic zeolite-5 (ZSM-5) type zeolite. The HNZP is a pure siliceous adsorbent with different values of pore diameter and surface area being adjustable by the manufacturing condition. The results indicate that a...

Cu-SSZ-13 has been characterized by different spectroscopic techniques and compared with Cu-ZSM-5 and Cu-β with similar Si/Al and Cu/Al ratios and prepared by the same ion exchange procedure. On vacuum activated samples, low temperature FTIR spectroscopy allowed us to appreciate a high concentration of reduced copper centres, i.e. isolated Cu(+) ions located in different environments, able to f...