نتایج جستجو برای: vaccine escape mutations

تعداد نتایج: 308143  

2011
Helen R. Fryer Angela R. McLean

Because cytotoxic T-lymphocytes (CTLs) have been shown to play a role in controlling human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection and because CTL-based simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) vaccines have proved effective in non-human primates, one goal of HIV vaccine design is to elicit effective CTL responses in humans. Such a vaccine could improve viral control in patients who later become infe...

Journal: :Journal of virology 2008
Philippa C Matthews Andrew Prendergast Alasdair Leslie Hayley Crawford Rebecca Payne Christine Rousseau Morgane Rolland Isobella Honeyborne Jonathan Carlson Carl Kadie Christian Brander Karen Bishop Nonkululeko Mlotshwa James I Mullins Hoosen Coovadia Thumbi Ndung'u Bruce D Walker David Heckerman Philip J R Goulder

Much uncertainty still exists over what T-cell responses need to be induced by an effective human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) vaccine. Previous studies have hypothesized that the effective CD8(+) T-cell responses are those driving the selection of escape mutations that reduce viral fitness and therefore revert post-transmission. In this study, we adopted a novel approach to define better the r...

Journal: :The Journal of Experimental Medicine 2004
Tetsuro Matano Masahiro Kobayashi Hiroko Igarashi Akiko Takeda Hiromi Nakamura Munehide Kano Chie Sugimoto Kazuyasu Mori Akihiro Iida Takahiro Hirata Mamoru Hasegawa Takae Yuasa Masaaki Miyazawa Yumiko Takahashi Michio Yasunami Akinori Kimura David H. O'Connor David I. Watkins Yoshiyuki Nagai

Recently, encouraging AIDS vaccine trials in macaques have implicated cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) in the control of the simian human immunodeficiency virus SHIV89.6P that induces acute CD4(+) T cell depletion. However, none of these vaccine regimens have been successful in the containment of replication of the pathogenic simian immunodeficiency viruses (SIVs) that induce chronic disease prog...

2015
Motswedi Anderson Simani Gaseitsiwe Sikhulile Moyo Matthijs J. C. Wessels Terence Mohammed Theresa K. Sebunya Eleanor A. Powell Joseph Makhema Jason T. Blackard Richard Marlink Max Essex Rosemary M. Musonda

BACKGROUND Hepatitis B virus (HBV) is a major global health problem especially in sub-Saharan Africa and in East Asia. Ten hepatitis B virus genotypes have been described that differ by geographic distribution, disease progression, and response to treatment. Escape mutations within the surface open reading frame (ORF) affect HBV antigenicity leading to failures in diagnosis, vaccine and hepatit...

Journal: :COVID 2022

Due to a large number of mutations in the spike protein and immune escape, Omicron variant (B.1.1.529) has become predominant concern (VOC) strain. To prevent disease, we developed candidate inactivated vaccine (Omicron COVID-19 Vaccine (Vero Cell), Inactivated). evaluate safety vaccine, tested repeat-dose toxicity Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats. The doses were administered randomly three groups: phy...

2009
Zabrina L. Brumme Mina John Jonathan M. Carlson Chanson J. Brumme Dennison Chan Mark A. Brockman Luke C. Swenson Iris Tao Sharon Szeto Pamela Rosato Jennifer Sela Carl M. Kadie Nicole Frahm Christian Brander David W. Haas Sharon A. Riddler Richard Haubrich Bruce D. Walker P. Richard Harrigan David Heckerman Simon Mallal

BACKGROUND Despite the extensive genetic diversity of HIV-1, viral evolution in response to immune selective pressures follows broadly predictable mutational patterns. Sites and pathways of Human Leukocyte-Antigen (HLA)-associated polymorphisms in HIV-1 have been identified through the analysis of population-level data, but the full extent of immune escape pathways remains incompletely characte...

Journal: :The Journal of clinical investigation 2015
Jay K Kolls Gyongyi Szabo

Hepatitis C virus (HCV) is a leading cause of chronic liver disease, and efforts to develop therapeutic vaccine strategies have been limited by immune escape due to HCV variants that are resistant to current vaccines or HCV variants that rapidly acquire new resistance-conferring mutations. Recently, the crystal structure of the viral envelope protein E2 region was resolved as well as how E2 doc...

2018
Raymond H Y Louie Kevin J Kaczorowski John P Barton Arup K Chakraborty Matthew R McKay

HIV is a highly mutable virus, and over 30 years after its discovery, a vaccine or cure is still not available. The isolation of broadly neutralizing antibodies (bnAbs) from HIV-infected patients has led to renewed hope for a prophylactic vaccine capable of combating the scourge of HIV. A major challenge is the design of immunogens and vaccination protocols that can elicit bnAbs that target reg...

Journal: :Science 2007
Tanmoy Bhattacharya Marcus Daniels David Heckerman Brian Foley Nicole Frahm Carl Kadie Jonathan Carlson Karina Yusim Ben McMahon Brian Gaschen Simon Mallal James I Mullins David C Nickle Joshua Herbeck Christine Rousseau Gerald H Learn Toshiyuki Miura Christian Brander Bruce Walker Bette Korber

Escape from T cell-mediated immune responses affects the ongoing evolution of rapidly evolving viruses such as HIV. By applying statistical approaches that account for phylogenetic relationships among viral sequences, we show that viral lineage effects rather than immune escape often explain apparent human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-mediated immune-escape mutations defined by older analysis method...

Journal: :The Journal of Experimental Medicine 2008
Paul A. Goepfert Wendy Lumm Paul Farmer Philippa Matthews Andrew Prendergast Jonathan M. Carlson Cynthia A. Derdeyn Jianming Tang Richard A. Kaslow Anju Bansal Karina Yusim David Heckerman Joseph Mulenga Susan Allen Philip J.R. Goulder Eric Hunter

In a study of 114 epidemiologically linked Zambian transmission pairs, we evaluated the impact of human leukocyte antigen class I (HLA-I)-associated amino acid polymorphisms, presumed to reflect cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) escape in Gag and Nef of the virus transmitted from the chronically infected donor, on the plasma viral load (VL) in matched recipients 6 mo after infection. CTL escape muta...

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