Background: Serious intense respiratory disorder Covid-19 is a causing infection known as Corona virus. This novel corona virus transmits from one human to another and has caused significant mortality overall prompting the continuous pandemic. Also, illness seriousness varies extensively person another. Subjects: fifty individuals (n = 50) with age ranged (20-65 years) were enrolled in this stu...

C-reactive protein (CRP) is a produced by the liver. CRP levels in blood, rises when there an inflammatory condition body. A test determines amount of blood to detect inflammation caused acute conditions or monitor disease severity chronic conditions. Covid – 19 condition, and increase level helps assessing covid illness. Our aim compare illness between vaccinated non-vaccinated individuals est...

BACKGROUND Blood and plasma donor screening for hepatitis B virus (HBV) DNA, HBV surface antigen (HBsAg), and antibodies to surface (anti-HBs) and core (anti-HBc) antigens allows identification of individuals who acquired HBV despite previous HBV vaccination. METHODS Of 14 HBV acute infection donor panels (HBV-DNA-positive/anti-HBc-negative), 6 donors were previously vaccinated (anti-HBs+). W...

INTRODUCTION While no single factor is sufficient to guarantee the success of influenza vaccine programs, knowledge of the levels of immunity in local populations is critical. Here, we analyzed influenza immunity in a population from Southern Brazil, a region with weather conditions that are distinct from those in the rest of country, where influenza infections are endemic, and where greater th...

Objectives: To compare the severity of COVID-19 infection and their radiological findings between vaccinated unvaccinated individuals. Also, to investigate if any difference exists patients with blood group ‘A’ ‘O’. Methods: This study has 302 which include both Both were subjected Computed tomography-Chest imaging was analyzed groups using CT-Severity score (CT-SS). Findings: In population, 91...

Influenza A viruses are characterized by their ability to evade host immunity, even in vaccinated individuals. To determine how prior immunity shapes viral diversity in vivo, we studied the intra- and interhost evolution of equine influenza virus in vaccinated horses. Although the level and structure of genetic diversity were similar to those in naïve horses, intrahost bottlenecks may be more s...

During an epidemic, individuals' decisions on whether or not to take vaccine may affect the dynamics of disease spread and, therefore, the effectiveness of disease control. Empirical studies have shown that such decisions can be subjected to individuals' awareness about disease and vaccine, such as their perceived disease severity and vaccine safety. The aim of this paper is to gain a better un...

BACKGROUND Though influenza vaccines are the cornerstone of medical interventions aimed at protecting individuals against epidemic influenza, their effectiveness in HIV infected individuals is not certain. With the recent detection of influenza strains in countries with high HIV prevalence rates, we aimed at evaluating the current evidence on the efficacy and clinical effectiveness of influenza...

The aim of this study was to explore whether matched or mismatched strains of influenza vaccines (IVs) are beneficial at reducing the risk of acute myocardial infarction (AMI) in elderly persons.Data were obtained from the Longitudinal Health Database 2005 (LHID 2005) which is maintained by the National Health Insurance Research Institute in Taiwan. The analytical data included individuals who ...