Electric signals of mormyrid fishes have recently been described from several regions of Africa. Members of the Mormyridae produce weak electric organ discharges (EODs) as part of a specialized electrosensory communication and orientation system. Sympatric species often express distinctive EODs, which may contribute to species recognition during mate choice in some lineages. Striking examples o...

Bone scintigraphy of metastatic lesion on 128 patients with prostatic cancer were classified according to the proposal by Soloway et al (Cancer, 61; 195-202, 1988). Since all patients received endocrine therapy, the response to therapy and survival were examined in relation to bone lesion. In extent of disease (EOD) 1, main metastatic lesions were located in the pelvis, lumbar spine, and with i...

In this paper a detailed explanation of our newly proposed frequency hopped spread spectrum system named “MMFSK-EOD System Using Binary Hopping Pattern” (8) is presented. First, to make clear the concept of FH/M-ary Multilevel FSK modulation (abb. FH/ MMFSK or MMFSK), the waveform and the spectrum differences between MFSK and FH/MFSK or FH/MMFSK are reviewed. Next, to understand the error propa...

INTRODUCTION The characteristics of Group B Streptococcal (GBS) early onset (EOD) and late onset (LOD) neonatal infections in Italy were analyzed. Two periods were considered, a first 3-years period (2007-2010), when notification of GBS infections was enforced under the auspices of the Italian Ministry of Health, and a second 1 year period (2012) when reporting on neonatal GBS disease continued...

The South American knifefish Eigenmannia sp. can detect the electric organ discharges (EODs; 250­600 Hz) of conspecifics when they are superimposed over its own EOD. This study investigates the minimum frequency difference necessary for such signal perception, using the application of sine-wave stimuli. Electrosensory stimulus-intensity thresholds were determined for trained fish using stim...

Every other day feeding (EOD) and exercise induce changes in cell metabolism. The aim of the present work was to know if both EOD and exercise produce similar effects on physical capacity, studying their physiological, biochemical and metabolic effects on muscle. Male OF-1 mice were fed either ad libitum (AL) or under EOD. After 18 weeks under EOD, animals were also trained by using a treadmill...

BACKGROUND Since cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection can cause serious clinical complications in immunocompromised individuals, we assessed cellular immune requirements for protection against CMV end-organ disease (CMV-EOD) in human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) infection. METHODS Longitudinal samples from HIV-1-infected patients in the Amsterdam cohort were analyzed. Dynamics of CMV-spec...

South American weakly electric fish produce a variety of electric organ discharge (EOD) amplitude and frequency modulations including chirps or rapid increases in EOD frequency that function as agonistic and courtship and mating displays. In Apteronotus leptorhynchus, chirps are readily evoked by the presence of the EOD of a conspecific or a sinusoidal signal designed to mimic another EOD, and ...

Weakly electric fish can perceive electric properties of objects by monitoring the responses of their epidermal electroreceptors (mormyromasts) to their own electric organ discharges (EOD), a process known as active electrolocation. Mormyrid fish can distinguish capacitative from resistive properties of objects. It is mainly animate objects that possess capacitative properties. Water conductivi...

Background: Group B of Streptococci (GBS) is one of the major reasons of newborns morbidity. Early onset streptococcal disease (EOD) affects newborns, whose mothers were carriers of GBS in their genitourinary tract. The aim of this study was to assess GBS-prevalence in pregnant/labouring women in Łódź region, Poland and to assess its impact on neonatal morbidity. Methods: All 2222 women who gav...