The paper examines tax progressivity and income inequality using Census Bureau Current Population Survey (CPS) personal data. Kakwani index is used to derive for All, Male, Female, White African American wage of CPS respondents, respectively. results show a system that partly progressive mostly regressive. Due its regressive nature, the did not display entire period under analysis respondents a...

BACKGROUND The goal of the New Rural Cooperative Medical System (NCMS) is to decrease the financial burden and improve the health of rural areas. The purpose of the present study is to determine how government subsidies vary between poorer and wealthier groups, especially in low-income regions in rural China. METHODS The distribution, amount, and equity of government subsidies delivered via N...

in this paper, using kakwani-son method, price elasticity of poverty is calculated for taxed edible goods in the year 2004. this elasticity shows the total effect of price changes on poverty. the total effect is the sum of redistribution and income effects of price change. in fact, the redistribution effect tells us whether an increase in the price of a commodity hurts the poor more than the ri...

BACKGROUND Inequality in households' payments on food and health expenditures presents the accessibility and utilization patterns between them. This study investigated the Iranian rural and urban households' inequality in payments on food and Out-of-Pocket health expenditures from 1998 to 2012. METHODS This descriptive study was conducted through the analysis of Iranian Statistics Centre data...

BACKGROUND Health spending by the Chinese government has declined and traditional social health insurance collapsed after economic reforms in the early 1980s; accordingly, the low-income population is exposed to potentially significant healthcare costs. Financing an equitable healthcare system represents a major policy objective in China's current healthcare reform efforts. The current research...

BACKGROUND The relationship between payments towards healthcare and ability to pay is a measure of financial fairness. Analysis of progressivity is important from an equity perspective as well as for macroeconomic and political analysis of healthcare systems. Bangladesh health systems financing is characterized by high out-of-pocket payments (63.3%), which is increasing. Hence, we aimed to see ...

BACKGROUND Equity in health care entails payment for health services according to the capacity to pay and the receipt of benefits according to need. In Uganda, as in many African countries, although equity is extolled in government policy documents, not much is known about who pays for, and who benefits from, health services. This paper assesses both equity in the financing and distribution of ...

PURPOSE Rupture of pectoralis major (PM) occurs most commonly as a result of an indirect mechanism associated with extensive tension on a maximally contracted muscle. Patients with PM tendon ruptures, classically present a history of sudden severe pain in arm and shoulder at the time of injury. Treatment options vary from conservative to operative. In cases with total or near-total injuries, su...