Urinary tract infection is the presence of microorganisms mostly bacteria in urinary tract, one reasons that increases risk diabetes, which most common metabolic disorder increasing at an alarming rate all over world, due to high blood sugar caused by weak immunity leading This results damage neutrophil function and decreased antibacterial activity urine thus bacteriuria.The study included 118 ...

The aim of this study was to characterize pharmacological effects of gosha-jinki-gan (GJG) and green tea extract (GTE), on urodynamic parameters, bladder receptors, and urinary cytokines in rats with cyclophosphamide (CYP)-induced cystitis. Urodynamic parameters in CYP-treated rats were measured using the cystometric method. Muscarinic and purinergic receptors in rat tissues were measured by ra...

Mutation in the cytokine receptor-like factor 1 and the cardiotrophin-like cytokine (CRLF1 or CLCF1 genes) phenotypically presents as cold induced sweating syndrome (CISS), which is a rare autosomal recessive disorder. The syndrome is characterized by paradoxical sweating in cold weather, dysmorphic facial features, musculoskeletal deformities, difficulty in feeding, and unexplained recurrent e...

Background: Urinary tract calculus formation can be prevented by identifying molecules and metabolic disturbances that affect this process. Osteoprotegerin (OPG), a cytokine of the TNF receptor superfamily, has been demonstrated to mediate vascular calcification intimal calcification. Endothelial injury oxidative stress are known play role in urolithiasis form Randall’s plaques. Objectives: The...

BACKGROUND Hepcidin, a key regulator of iron homeostasis, is increased in response to inflammation and some infections, but the in vivo role of hepcidin, particularly in children with iron deficiency anemia (IDA) is unclear. We investigated the relationships between hepcidin, cytokines and iron status in a pediatric population with a high prevalence of both anemia and co-morbid infections. ME...

Conventional markers of kidney function that are familiar to clinicians, including the serum creatinine and blood urea nitrogen levels, are unable to reveal genuine injury to the kidney, and their use may delay treatment. Macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) is a proinflammatory cytokine, and the predictive role and pathogenic mechanism of MIF deregulation during kidney infections invol...

Background: Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is the most common form of dementia, accounting for 80% all cases. Mild cognitive impairment (MCI) a transitional state between normal aging and AD. Early detection crucial, as irreversible brain damage occurs before symptoms manifest. Objective: This study aimed to identify potential biomarkers early AD by analyzing urinary cytokine concentrations. We inves...

antibiotics are widely used as bacteriostatic and bactericidal drugs in bacterial infections. besides the respective interactions between the antibiotics and bacteria and between the immune system and bacteria, antibiotics also interact directly with the immune system and have various immunomodulatory effects on phagocytosis, chemotaxis, cytokine production and endotoxine release. in this stu...