cystoscopy and urinary cytology are currently the basis for diagnosis and ‎follow-up of bladder tumors. research to find a sensitive and specific tumor ‎marker for diagnosis of bladder tumor is actively underway, however, due to low sensitivity ‎and high cost of cytology. this cross-sectional study was performed in 65 patients to evaluate whether urinary bladder ‎cancer (ubc) antigen level can ...

background in order to detect nephropathy, measurement of total (24 hrs) urinary albumin or albumin/creatinin ratio in random urine samples is being recommended. but methods of albumin measurement are not available in all laboratories and also cost about 6 times more than that of urinary total protein measurement. objectives this study was performed to determine appropriate cut off point in 24 ...

botulinum toxin (bt) is a potent presynaptic neuromuscular blocking agent which induces selective, reversible muscle weakness for months when injected intramuscularly.during recent years bt has revolutionized the treatment of previously intractable symptoms of detrusor overactivity. based on a systematic search of the pubmed database,a review of the current literature on the use of onabotulinum...

foreign bodies in lower urinary tract may present in a different number of ways. we report four cases of such unusual presentation. physical examination and plain radiograph was sufficient enough to confirm our diagnosis in all cases. the cases belonged to different age groups and three out of four cases were managed by open surgical approach. one foreign body was removed using cystoscope. prom...

bladder calculi, a rare condition in the pediatric population, occur most commonly as a result of either migration from the kidney or urinary stasis in the bladder. we report the case of a 3-year-old boy with recurrent urinary tract infections (uti) secondary to bladder calculi formation on the sutures from a previous herniorrhaphy.a 3-year-old boy with previous history of herniorrhaphy present...

background stress urinary incontinence (sui), the most common type of urinary incontinence (ui), is usually defined as leakage of urine during movement or activity which puts pressure on the bladder, such as coughing, sneezing, running or heavy lifting. it is reported in most countries that 15% to 40% of women struggle with sui and its severe implications for daily life, including social intera...

in this paper, a general introduction is given, presenting the overactive bladder syndrome (oab) and its impact on the quality of life and economical burden in patients affected. moreover, the anatomy, physiology and histology of the lower urinary tract are discussed, followed by a brief overview on the possible role of prostaglandin (pg) and phosphodiesterase type 5 (pde5) in the urinary bladd...

results during the period from jan 2000 to dec 2011, at our center, 19 children less than eighteen years of age underwent urinary diversion with yang-monti’s catheterizable stoma. the indications for urinary diversion was neuropathic bladder in eight, exstrophy bladder in seven , valve bladder syndrome in three and persistent urethral stricture in one. none of the children found cic difficult d...

results mean urinary il-1α, il-4, il-6, and il-8 concentrations significantly increased in the acute phase of apn compared to the control group, and decreased following antibiotic treatment. conclusions we recommend routine urinalysis and urine culture for the diagnosis of children with apn. urinary il-4 was a relatively good cytokine for the prediction and treatment-monitoring of children with...