community is the main pillar of the urban body; and balance of social life in cities depends on preserving communities. during the twentieth century, the idea of residential-centered community has been offered in many modern theories and has been widely accepted for solving urban various problems such as management, social and human relations, health and welfare issues and aspects of meaning an...

BACKGROUND Massage therapy (MT) is becoming established as a recognized health care profession in Canada. It has been integrated as a core service in settings such as health spas, private integrative health centers, and there is indication that MT is starting to be integrated into hospitals. Research in the area of hospital-based MT has primarily focused on the efficacy, effectiveness, and incr...

“Management model” is an important theoretical and practical proposition in study on urban community. Urban community is defined as a harmonious community with psychological and regional congruence. Rebuilding of a harmonious urban community is, as a matter of fact, a process of urban management model transferring from “heteronomy” to “autonomy”. Urban community autonomy means self-governance o...

This Article focuses on the 1990s renaissance in Atlanta, a time where the rate of violent crime was at the lowest it had been in years and the population was growing for the first time in thirty years. It focuses on three specific explanations of the renaissance: the holistic approach to development, the Empowerment Zone, the community policing program, and the reinvention of public housing. T...

Community is the main pillar of the urban body; and balance of social life in cities depends on preserving communities. During the twentieth century, the idea of residential-centered community has been offered in many modern theories and has been widely accepted for solving urban various problems such as management, social and human relations, health and welfare issues and aspects of meaning an...

The US has witnessed significant growth among urban American Indian (AI) populations in recent decades, and concerns have been raised that these populations face equal or greater degrees of disadvantage than their reservation counterparts. Surprisingly little urban AI research or community work has been documented in the literature, and even less has been written about the influences of urban s...

  Community assessment is a process in which the active participation of community members develops strategies and programs to address the strengths and weaknesses of the community and prioritize and solve them. This study is aimed to assess society and determine its health priorities in order to establish operational plan to solve its problems with population participation . This research is b...

background: current evidence consistently confirm inequalities in health status among socioeconomic groups, gender, ethnicity, geographical area and other social determinants of health (sdh), which adversely influence health of the population. sdh refer to a wide range of factors not limited to social component, but also involve economic, cultural, educational, political or environmental proble...

What is called the problems of Tehran metropolis now a days, is deep- rooted in the policies ofurban planning in our country. Since not far past up to now, immigration from all over the country to Tehran, irregular growth of urban population, inconsistency with urban infrastructure development, environmental pollution and low quality of living areas, erosion of self -growing fabric in most area...