On the basis of the continuity equation and the Bernoulli equation in the steady form, a differential equation is developed to evaluate the successive water levels within compartments of an upright perforated wave absorber. Then the initial and boundary conditions are introduced and the differential equation is solved as an initial value problem. Finally the reflection coefficient from the wave...

Different gaits with upright body configurations make human bipedal locomotion unique [1]. Upper body balance is key to human locomotion. To balance, humans may control the direction of the ground reaction force [2] and the center of pressure, either continuously or step by step. Older infants learn standing and walking upright while holding tight to stable objects [3], thereby simplifying bala...

In this paper standing balance control of a biped with toe-joint is presented. The model consists of an inverted pendulum as the upper body and the foot contains toe-joint. The biped is actuated by two torques at ankle-joint and toe-joint to regulate the upper body in upright position. To model the interaction between foot and the ground, configuration constraints are defined and utilized. To s...

Motivation: Improved human control models could allow better understanding of the human sensorimotor control system and contribute to the design of devices to enhance human function or advance robotic performance. There is interest in especially natural control of human standing balance and walking. Humans seem to use specific postural strategies for upright balance or efficient walking algorit...

Introduction: Stiff-person syndrome (SPS) is a rare autoimmune neurological disorder presenting with inability to perform daily activities independently. Because SPS is a rare disorder, the efficacy of physiotherapy in the management of SPS is not yet known. Case Presentation: The patient was a 65-year-old female with SPS diagnosed 1 year before. Assessments were performed, such as range of mot...

BACKGROUND Torso weighting has sometimes been effective for improving upright mobility in people with multiple sclerosis, but parameters for weighting have been inconsistent. OBJECTIVE To determine whether balance-based torso weighting (BBTW) has immediate effects on upright mobility in people with multiple sclerosis. METHODS This was a 2-phase randomized clinical trial. In phase 1, 36 part...

Simple deformation of the skin surface with textured materials can improve human perceptual-motor performance. The implications of these findings are inexpensive, adaptable and easily integrated clothing, equipment and tools for improving perceptual-motor functionality. However, some clarification is needed because mixed results have been reported in the literature, highlighting positive, absen...