The reaction of the bivalent rabbit antibody molecule with papain (1, 2) or pepsin (3) and a reducing agent results in the release of two univalent fragments. The evidence for univalence is provided by the capacity of the fragments of hydrolyzed antiprotein antibody to inhibit specifically the homologous precipitin reaction (2), and by direct measurements of the maximal number of moles of hapte...

The role of bivalence of antibody in its capacity to neutralize virus was studied with rabbit antibodies to the bacteriophage, phiX174. Univalent Fab or Fab' fragments of IgG isolated from antiviral antisera obtained early in the immunization schedule had virtually no activity compared to that of the intact IgG. When the antibodies were isolated from antisera of the same rabbits several months ...

We establish a close connection between a reversible programming language based on type isomorphisms and a formally presented univalent universe. The correspondence relates combinators witnessing type isomorphisms in the programming language to paths in the univalent universe; and combinator optimizations in the programming language to 2-paths in the univalent universe. The result suggests a si...

‎In this paper‎, ‎we study the convex combinations of harmonic mappings obtained by shearing a class of slit conformal mappings‎. ‎Sufficient conditions for the convex combinations of harmonic mappings of this family to be univalent and convex in the horizontal direction are derived‎. ‎Several examples of univalent harmonic mappings constructed by using these methods are presented to illustrate...

Clostridial and spinach ferredoxins, reduced enzymatically by the action of ferredoxin-TPN+ oxidoreductase, have been shown to carry out the univalent reduction of oxygen. The superoxide radicals, so generated, were detected by their ability to cause the oxidation of epinephrine to adrenochrome. Superoxide dismutase prevented the production of adrenochrome in these reaction mixtures, while havi...

The binding of antigen to cells with antibody on their surface has been studied in a model system consisting of murine myeloma cells (MOPC 315) and DNP conjugates. Specific binding occurred between the DNP groups of DNP conjugates and cell surface immunoglobulin. Using this model, the binding affinities of multivalent and univalent DNP conjugates were measured directly by equilibrium-binding te...

Clostridial and spinach ferredoxins, reduced enzymatically by the action of ferredoxin-TPN+ oxidoreductase, have been shown to carry out the univalent reduction of oxygen. The superoxide radicals, so generated, were detected by their ability to cause the oxidation of epinephrine to adrenochrome. Superoxide dismutase prevented the production of adrenochrome in these reaction mixtures, while havi...

The well-known Schwarz–Pick lemma states that any analytic mapping φ of the unit disk U into itself satisfies the inequality |φ′(z)| ≤ 1− |φ(z)| 2 1− |z|2 , z ∈ U. This estimate remains the same if we restrict ourselves to univalent mappings. The lower estimate is |φ′(z)| ≥ 0 generally or |φ′(z)| > 0 for univalent functions. To make the lower estimate nontrivial we consider univalent functions ...