Unilateral proptosis and ptosis in euthyroid Graves’s disease is very rare with 5 -10% cases reported. We present a clinically Euthyroid male with features of thyroid ophthalmopathy who presented with unilateral proptosis and ptosis, restriction of extra ocular movements and compressive optic neuropathy. Thyroid function tests were normal and anti-thyroid peroxidase antibody was positive. CT sc...

BACKGROUND Graves' disease represents an autoimmune disease of the thyroid gland where surgery has an important role in its treatment. The aim of our paper was to analyze the results of surgical treatment, the frequency of microcarcinoma and carcinoma, as well as to compare surgical complications in relation to the various types of operations performed for Graves' disease. METHODS We analysed...

the ideal approach for adequate management of subclinical hyperthyroidism (low levels of thyroid-stimulating hormone [tsh] and normal thyroid hormone level) is a matter of intense debate among endocrinologists. the prevalence of low serum tsh levels ranges between 0.5% in children and 15% in the elderly population. mild subclinical hyperthyroidism is more common than severe subclinical hyperthy...

The clinical manifestations of carotid cavernous fistula, an abnormal arteriovenous connection between the cavernous sinus and the carotid artery, can closely mimic the cardinal signs of Graves' ophthalmopathy, an inflammatory disorder of the orbit usually associated with autoimmune thyroid disease. Therefore, carotid cavernous fistulas are generally considered in the differential diagnosis of ...

about 25-50% of graves' disease (gd) patients develop thyroid eye diseases, which is associated with inflammatory process and abnormalities in the levels of several cytokines in orbital tissues in gd.  the aim of this study was to determine the th1 and th2 serum cytokines in patients with gd with or without ophthalmopathy. serum  levels of  cytokines  and  autoantibodies  including interferon-g...

introduction thyroid storm is a rare complication of graves' disease that can carry a poor prognosis. in order to prevent major complications, thyroid storm must be quickly identified in patients and treatment must be promptly implemented. medical treatment is usually initiated with antithyroid medications, such as propylthiouracil (ptu), methimazole, and beta-blockers. however, some patients m...

INTRODUCTION Graves' orbitopathy is the extra thyroidal manifestation of Graves' disease and the most common cause of exophthalmos. It is also known as thyroid-associated orbitopathy (TAO) as it occasionally occurs in euthyroid or hypothyroid patients with chronic thyroiditis. 5% of patients with Graves' orbitopathy can be euthyroid or hypothyroid as they have low titers of anti-thyrotropin-rec...

A 15-year-old woman was diagnosed with hypothyroidism and unilateral ectopic thyroid. Levothyroxine treatment was introduced; however, the patient was non-compliant and took the medication irregularly. When she presented to an endocrinologist at the age of 30, she had not been using levothyroxine for at least 6 months. Surprisingly, she was clinically and biochemically euthyroid. Due to decreas...