Hemifacial microsomia is a rare congenital malformation of craniofacial structures. Its characteristic features are unilateral underdevelopment of the face and ear malformations. This study describes clinical and radiographical features of a rare case of a 4-year-old hemifacial microsomia patient with underdevelopment of the left side of the face and preauricular skin tags on the affected side...

Mozambique has the trappings of a progressive African state: abundant gas and coal resources, expanding foreign direct investment, aid from international donors, decade political stability, social welfare for her most vulnerable. However, ranks among least developed nations on continent (World Bank 2018; UNHDI 2018). This study investigated why resource-rich, democratic is underdeveloped, aid-d...

Many people, covering many academic disciplines, have an interest in what they would refer to as development, and approach it from the direction of what they conceive to be underdevelopment. This type of labelling customarily follows on from some narrower interest; either in a particular region (for example Africa, Asia, Latin America); or in a particular place (e.g. Nigeria, Brazil, China); or...

Africa poses the development challenge of our time. Once devastated by famine and mired in poverty, India and much of Asia are now growing economically. While Africa’s economies too are now growing, in many African countries, people are just now returning to the levels of per capita income they enjoyed more than a half century ago. 1 Th e current poverty and the widespread economic decline foll...