despite providing robustness, high-gain observers impose a peaking phenomenon, which may cause instability, on the system states. in this paper, an adaptive saturation is proposed to attenuate the undesirable mentioned phenomenon in high-gain observers. a real-valued and differentiable sigmoid function is considered as the saturating element whose parameters (height and slope) are adaptively tu...

We argue that high gluon density effects at small x are important for calculation of ultra-high energy neutrino nucleon cross sections due to the phenomenon of geometric scaling. We calculate the cross section for ν N → μX, including high gluon density effects, using the all twist formalism of McLerran and Venugopalan and show that it can be related to the dipole nucleon cross section measured ...

Abstract There are strong interests in considering ultra-light scalar fields (especially axion) around a rapidly rotating black hole because of the possibility observing gravitational waves from axion condensate (axion cloud) holes. Motivated by this consideration, we propose new method to study dynamics an field with self-interaction hole, which uses dynamical renormalization group method. We ...

A quantitative description of the dynamics of droplet motion has been a long-standing concern in electrowetting research. Although many static and dynamic models focusing on droplet motion induced by electrowetting-on-dielectric (EWOD) already exist, some dynamic features do not fit these models well, especially the dynamic saturation phenomenon. In this paper, a dynamic saturation model of dro...

& Pieve (1974). They arbitrarily defined rapid cycling as four or more mood episodes per year. Rapid cycling in relation to bipolar affective disorder has been defined by the DSM-IV criteria (American Psychiatric Association, 1994)(Box 1). Some patients show cycling frequencies in the order of weeks to days, a phenomenon known as ultra-rapid cycling. Cycling of discrete mood phases of less than...

We review recent experimental progress on the saturation problem in metallic quantum wires. In particular, we address the influence of magnetic impurities on the electron phase coherence time. We also present new measurements of the phase coherence time in ultra-clean gold and silver wires and analyse the saturation of tf in these samples, cognizant of the role of magnetic scattering. For the c...