PURPOSE We observed that many of our helical therapy lung stereotactic body radiation therapy plans did not meet the Radiation Therapy Oncology Group (RTOG) recommended R50% (volume of 50% of the prescription dose/planning target volume), which characterizes the steepness of dose fall off. We hypothesized that despite not meeting R50%, helical therapy lung stereotactic body radiation therapy pl...

Episodes of heat stress constrain crop production and will be aggravated in the near future according to short medium-term climate scenarios. Global increase cloudiness has also been observed, decreasing incident solar radiation. This work was aimed quantify probability occurrence cloudiness, alone or combined, during typical post-flowering period wheat canola Southern Cone South America. Exten...

1. Ornamental carotenoid coloration is commonly based on several different pigments with different nutritional and metabolic constraints. The identification and quantification of carotenoid pigments is therefore crucial to the understanding of signal content and signal evolution. 2. In male widowbirds ( Euplectes spp.), the striking yellow and red carotenoid colours have been measured by reflec...

A special kind of shape algebra is defined for concurrent computations with shapes and their boundaries, together with related shape grammars. Some new types of shape grammar are defined and classified. Table 1. Hierarchy of shape algebras. U00 U01 U02 U03 U11 U12 U13 U22 U23 U33 DOI:10.1068/b2681

Current dosimetry protocols (AAPM, IAEA, DIN) recommend the use of parallel-plate ionization chambers for the measurement of absorbed dose-to-water in clinical electron beams. For well-guarded plane-parallel chambers, it is assumed that the perturbation correction pQ is unity for all electron energies. In this study, we present detailed Monte Carlo simulations with the EGSnrc code for the widel...

Knowledge about tropical cyclone (TC) size is essential for disaster prevention and mitigation strategies, but due to the limitations of observations, TC data from open ocean are scarce. In this paper, several models developed identify parameters, including radius maximum wind (RMW) radii 34 (R34), 50 (R50), 64 (R64) knot winds, using various machine learning algorithms based on infrared channe...

Current dosimetry protocols (AAPM, IAEA, DIN) recommend the use of parallel-plate ionization chambers for the measurement of absorbed dose-towater in clinical electron beams. For well-guarded plane-parallel chambers, it is assumed that the perturbation correction pQ is unity for all electron energies. In this study, we present detailed Monte Carlo simulations with the EGSnrc code for the widely...

PURPOSE To study racemic bupivacaine, non-racemic bupivacaine and ropivacaine on myocardial contractility. METHODS Isolated Wistar papillary muscles were submitted to 50 and 100 mM racemic bupivacaine (B50 and B100), non-racemic bupivacaine (NR50 and NR100) and ropivacaine (R50 and R100) intoxication. Isometric contraction data were obtained in basal condition (0.2 Hz), after increasing the f...

Recent standard dosimetry protocols recommend that plane-parallel ionization chambers be used in the measurements of depth-dose distributions or the calibration of low-energy electron beams with beam quality R50 <4 g/cm2. In electron dosimetry protocols with the plane-parallel chambers, the wall correction factor, Pwall, in water is assumed to be unity and the replacement correction factor, Pre...

This paper continues with the subject matter that we introduced previously (Krishnamurti and Stouffs, 2004). Here, we describe algorithms for classifying the boundary of a shape with respect to another, coequal, shape and for constructing the description of a shape given parts of the boundary that make up the shape. Specifically, algorithms for classification and construction of shapes in U23 (...