In this study, nanocrystalline cellulose (NCC) was used for increasing the bonding strength of urea-formaldehyde (UF) resin adhesive, with a reduction of formaldehyde (HCHO) emissions. The surface of NCC was modified by 3-aminpropyltriethoxysilane (APTES) and 3-methacryloxypropyltrimethoxysilane (MPS) for the lack of compatibility with UF resin adhesive. The modified NCC was characterized by X-...

The flame retardancy of plywood should be improved as much possible while minimizing the impact on bonding strength plywood. Six commercial retardants and three laboratory synthesized phosphorous nitrogen were selected. E0, E1 E2 grade formaldehyde resins (UF) applied in this study to evaluate effect different curing time resin, strength, retardant performance, emission results show that additi...

Urea-formaldehyde (UF) resin is widely used as an adhesive for the manufacture of a range of wood and fiber based products. Although the microstructure of this resin has been examined at high resolution by field-emission scanning electron microscopy and atomic force microscopy, transmission electron microscopy (TEM) has thus far not been used, perhaps because of difficulties in ultrathin sectio...

A powdery product was obtained by the reaction of methylolated melamine with alkyl resorcinols to form melamine-bridged alkyl resorcinols (MARs). The effects of the addition of this powder on the bonding strength and formaldehyde emission of urea–formaldehyde (UF) resins were investigated. Three types of UF resins with a formaldehyde/urea molar ratio of 1.3 synthesized by condensation at pH 1.0...

The objective of this study is to evaluate the effect of décor paper and resin type on physical properties, mechanic properties, and surface quality properties of particleboards coated with décor papers impregnated by using different resin. White oak, New wenge and common maple pattern decor papers impregnated with urea formaldehyde (UF), melamine formaldehyde (MF) and urea-melamine formaldehyd...

The previous study on low mole ratio urea-formaldehyde (UF) and ureamelamine–formaldehyde (UMF) resins synthesized in the typical way as particleboard binders was repeated with the inclusion of a strong acidic reaction step at a mole ratio of 2.7 in the beginning of the resin synthesis procedure. The resulting UF and UMF resins showed longer storageand pot-lives, longer gel times, and the parti...

A previous study of synthesizing low mole ratio urea–formaldehyde (UF) and urea–melamine–formaldehyde (UMF) resins, which included an acidic reaction step at the beginning of the typical resin synthesis procedure to obtain higher uron-type methylene–ether group contents, was repeated with the acidic reaction step extended to a higher viscosity. Compared to previous resins, the synthesized resin...

to investigate the igg content and its variations in uterine fluid (uf) during the estrous cycle of the cow and to compare them with those of the blood serum (s), six pairs of serum and uf samples for each phase of the cycle selected out of 240 bovine genital tracts and blood samples were collected from urmia abattoir. the uf samples were collected by gentle scraping of the endometrium using a ...

The objective of this study was to manufacture particleboard made from UF with low formaldehyde (E1) for use in indoor environments. The influence of UF in particles on the formaldehyde emission and its mechanical properties were investigated. The experimental results showed that the formaldehyde emission released decreased linearly with consumption UF-low formaldehyde- particle. Formaldehyde e...

Abstract UF-SiAPP was prepared by modifying ammonium polyphosphate with the urea formaldehyde resin (UF), tetraethylorthosilicate (TEOS), and vinyltriethoxysilane (A-151). Moreover, a new intumescent flame retardant (IFR) used for low density polyethylene (LDPE) obtained mixing tris(2-hydroxyethyl) isocynurate (THEIC). The structure, morphology, mechanical properties of retardants LDPE composit...