Arterial blood pressure was recorded directly in 11 normotensive subjects, in 11 patients with essential hypertension and in 10 patients with renovascular hypertension. The pressor response to intravenous injections of norepinephrine, tyramine, angiotensin and ephedrine was compared in these three groups. An infusion of angiotensin was then given and the pressor response to injections of norepi...

• In 1958, Burn and Rand 1 proposed that the drug, tyramine, had no direct sympathomimetic effects and that its pharmacologic action was wholly mediated by the liberation of norepinephrine from endogenous stores. This was based upon the observation that preparations severely depleted of stored norepinephrine by pretreatment with reserpine responded poorly, if at all, to tyramine. Large amounts ...

N.W. WEISBRODT, C.C. HUG, Jr., S.K. SCHMIEGE and P. BASS, Effects of nicotine and tyramine on contractile activity of the colon, European J. Pharmacol. 12 (1970) 310-319. Contractile activity of the descending colon of the anesthetized dog was monitored with strain gage force transducers. Nicotine and tyramine caused primarily a relaxation of the circular and longitudinal muscle. A secondary st...

Tyramine and histamine, the most toxic biogenic amines (BA), are often found in high concentrations in certain foods. Prompted by the limited knowledge of BA toxicity, and increasing awareness of the risks associated with high intakes of dietary BA, the in vitro cytotoxicity of tyramine and histamine was investigated. Tyramine and histamine were toxic for HT29 intestinal cell cultures at concen...

Tyramine is the most frequent biogenic amine found in cheese and is also frequently found in other fermented foods and beverages. In total 273 different strains of enterococci from various foodstuffs were studied. A multiplex PCR was designed for the genotypic differentiation of various enterococci strains at species level and for determination of the presence of tyramine producing (tyrdc) gene...

Tyramine is a biogenic compound derived from the decarboxylation of the amino acid tyrosine, and is therefore present at important concentrations in a broad range of raw and fermented foods. Owing to its chemical properties, tyramine can react with nitrite, a common food additive, in the acidic medium of stomach to form N- and C-nitroso compounds. Since toxicology studies have shown that the pr...

The biogenic amine octopamine modulates a variety of aspects of insect motor behavior, including direct action on the flight central pattern generator. A number of recent studies demonstrate that tyramine, the biological precursor of octopamine, also affects invertebrate locomotor behaviors, including insect flight. However, it is not clear whether the central pattern generating networks are di...

culture medium. It is now realized that arylsulphatase can be produced in the absence of tyramine if a non-repressor sulphur compound is used as the sulphur source, and that the enzyme can also be formed with repressor sulphate sources if tyramine is included. Sulphur sources intermediate in the assimilation of sulphate to cysteine thus repress arylsulphatase synthesis whereas tyramine relieves...

Tyramine poisoning is caused by the ingestion of food containing high levels of tyramine, a biogenic amine. Any foods containing free tyrosine are subject to tyramine formation if poor sanitation and low quality foods are used or if the food is subject to temperature abuse or extended storage time. Tyramine is generated by decarboxylation of the tyrosine through tyrosine decarboxylase (TDC) enz...

Division of labor is a hallmark of social insects. In the honeybee (Apis mellifera) each sterile female worker performs a series of social tasks. The most drastic changes in behavior occur when a nurse bee, who takes care of the brood and the queen in the hive, transitions to foraging behavior. Foragers provision the colony with pollen, nectar or water. Nurse bees and foragers differ in numerou...