Nowadays, Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motors have been considered as one of the best ones used in industry due to their high efficiency, low torque ripples and well known dynamical operation. Indeed, it is expected that this type of motors can be used more frequently. In this paper, a special type of these motors, the surface mounted PM motor, is considered. After introducing the mathematical ...

Pilus biogenesis and substrate transport by type IV secretion systems require energy, which is provided by three molecular motors localized at the base of the secretion channel. One of these motors, VirB11, belongs to the superfamily of traffic ATPases, which includes members of the type II secretion system and the type IV pilus and archaeal flagellar assembly apparatus. Here, we report the fun...

Electrical motors drive a variety of loads in today’s world. Almost every industrial process relies on some kind of electrical motors and generators. There exist billions electric motors used in different applications all over the world. Majority of them are small fractional HP motors use in household appliances. However, they used about 5% of the electricity used by the motors. Three phase mot...

Molecular motors in living cells are involved in whole-cell locomotion, contractility, developmental shape changes, and organelle movement and positioning. Whether motors of different directionality are functionally coordinated in cells or operate in a semirandom "tug of war" is unclear. We show here that anterograde and retrograde microtubule-based motors in the flagella of Chlamydomonas are r...

In an inertia-type motor, a piezoelectric multilayer actuator is espoused to transient vibration velocity as high 1.0 m/s during slip time. This makes the motors dynamic but not quasi-static. We propose kinetic model describe condition under which slippage can occur between slider and stator. The current absorbed by actuators in stator time defines behavior of slider. A new thickness-mode force...

permanent magnet synchronous motors are efficient motors, which have widespread applications in electric industry due to their noticeable features. one of the interesting applications of such motors is in underwater vehicles. in these cases, reaching to minimum volume and high torque of the motor are the major concern. design optimization can enhance their merits considerably, thus reduce volum...

Abstract By imitating the behavioral characteristics of some typical animals, researchers develop bionic stepping motors to extend working range piezoelectric materials and utilize their high accuracy advantage as well. A comprehensive review driven by is presented in this work. The main parts motors, including feeding module, clamping other critical components, are introduced elaborately. We c...