In the last year, the concept of Industry 4.0 and smart factories has increasingly gained more importance. One of the central aspects of this innovation is the coupling of physical systems with a corresponding virtual representation, known as the Digital Twin. This technology enables new powerful applications, such as real-time production optimization or advanced cloud services. To ensure the r...

While holography truly constitutes an ingenious concept, ever since its invention by Gabor it has been troubled by the so-called twin-image problem limiting the information that can be obtained from a holographic record. For symmetry reasons there are always two images appearing in the reconstruction of a hologram and the unwanted out of focus twin-image obscures the object. Here we show a univ...

We present an architecture and an algorithm for Byzantine faulttolerant state machine replication. Our algorithm explores the advantages of virtualization to reliably detect and tolerate faulty replicas, allowing the transformation of Byzantine faults into omission faults. Our approach reduces the total number of physical replicas from 3f+1 to 2f+1. Our approach is based on the concept of twin ...

The twin method assumes that the trait under study is similar in twins and singletons so that the results from twin samples can be generalized to the singleton population. The purpose of the present study was to compare self-concept in twins and singletons matched in parental level of education. The 6 cluster scales of the Piers-Harris Children's Self-Concept Scale (P-H) were administered to 63...

This paper presents an efficient model for automatic detection and extraction of blood vessels in ocular fundus images. The model is formed using a combination of the concept of ribbon snakes and twin snakes. On each edge, the twin concept is introduced by using two snakes, one inside and one outside the boundary. The ribbon concept integrates the pair of twins on the two vessel edges into a si...

The built environment is an area where there are buildings and other objects that meet people’s needs. One of the ways to differentiate needs satisfy them in real time use a digital twin (DT). digitalization construction process uses building information modeling (BIM) methodology. When BIM applied from very beginning idea implementing object environment, about begins be accumulated object’s li...

In the Industry 4.0 era, Digital Twin has become one of most promising enabling technologies supporting material flow. Although literature on is becoming relatively well explored, including a certain number review papers, context Twins application in internal transport systems not been investigated so far. This paper thoroughly reviews research applied concerning major trends within this area a...

While the terminology has changed over time, the basic concept of the Digital Twin model has remained fairly stable from its inception in 2001. It is based on the idea that a digital informational construct about a physical system could be created as an entity on its own. This digital information would be a “twin” of the information that was embedded within the physical system itself and be lin...