The sinking skin flap syndrome is a rare complication after a large craniectomy. It consists of a sunken skin above the bone defect with neurological symptoms such as severe headache, mental changes, focal deficits, or seizures. In patient with sinking skin flap syndrome, cerebral blood flow and cerebral metabolism are decreased by sinking skin flap syndrome, and it may cause the deterioration ...

Diatoms are marine primary producers that sink in part due to the density of their silica frustules. Sinking of these phytoplankters is crucial for both the biological pump that sequesters carbon to the deep ocean and for the life strategy of the organism. Sinking rates have been previously measured through settling columns, or with fluorimeters or video microscopy arranged perpendicularly to t...

Ballast material (organic, opal, calcite, lithogenic) is suggested to affect sinking speed of aggregates in the ocean. Here, we tested this hypothesis by incubating appendicularians in suspensions of different algae or Saharan dust, and observing the sinking speed of the marine snow formed by their discarded houses. We show that calcite increases the sinking speeds of aggregates by ~100% and li...

The role of the ocean as a sink for CO2 is partially dependent on the downward transport of phytoplankton cells packaged within fast-sinking particles. However, whether such fast-sinking mechanisms deliver fresh organic carbon down to the deep bathypelagic sea and whether this mechanism is prevalent across the ocean requires confirmation. Here we report the ubiquitous presence of healthy photos...

Density-driven sinking velocity Density-driven sinking velocity Slab-dip angle Plate-advance velocity Subduction-retreat velocity Subduction-retreat velocity Overriding slab Subducting slab transformations at 400–700 km down. The authors identify four central points. First, subducted material sinks at a velocity that is controlled solely by its negative buoyancy and the viscosity of the surroun...

The sinking properties of three strains of Emiliania huxleyi in response to temperature changes were examined. We used a recently proposed approach to calculate sinking velocities from coccosphere architecture, which has the advantage to be applicable not only to culture samples, but also to field samples including fossil material. Our data show that temperature in the sub-optimal range impacts...

We investigate a nonlocal reaction-diffusion-advection equation which models the growth of a single phytoplankton species in a water column where the species depends solely on light for its metabolism. We study the combined effect of death rate, sinking or buoyant coefficient, water column depth and vertical turbulent diffusion rate on the persistence of a single phytoplankton species. Under a ...

social engagements. With the Bologna system, everything is fitted to match a 40 hour per week work schedule for the entire year allowing only for 6 weeks of holiday and one week of illness. Many students are now protesting against this reduction of university to a school-like system. Students also protested against tuition fees, which have been introduced only recently in a break with a long tr...

The present Atlantic thermohaline circulation is dominated by deep water formation in the north despite the fact that surface buoyancy forcing has relatively modest latitudinal asymmetry. Many studies have shown that even with buoyancy forcing that is symmetric about the equator, spontaneous symmetry breaking can produce a single overturning cell with intense sinking in the north. This occurs b...