Geochemical discrimination has recently been recognised as a potentially useful proxy for identifying tsunami deposits in addition to classical proxies such as sedimentological and micropalaeontological evidence. However, difficulties remain because it is unclear which elements best discriminate between tsunami and non-tsunami deposits. Herein, we propose a mathematical methodology for the geoc...

Tsunami is one of the serious natural disasters in coastal areas. Tsunami waves produce huge horizontal thrust on costal buildings, resulting in a large number of houses collapsed instantaneously, causing serious casualties and economic losses. Based on a reinforced concrete frame structure under different conditions of tsunami effect analysis, this paper clarified the calculation method of tsu...

For the testing of the effect on the tsunami prevention facilities, a simplified method for tsunami risk assessment was suggested without wave run-up analysis. This method is proposed using calculated offshore tsunami waveform and field reconnaissance such as the seawall height, time necessary for residents’ evacuation and tsunami warning insurance. Then, two normalized values are evaluated; on...

Since nuclear power plants in Japan are located on the seashore, it is also required to ensure sufficient safety against tsunamis and high tidal waves. The Examination Guide for Seismic Design of Nuclear Power Reactor Facilities revised by the Nuclear Safety Commission in 2006 refers to safety consideration of tsunamis and landslide of slopes around site as accompanying phenomena of earthquake ...

Fragility functions, as new measures for estimating structural damage and casualties due to tsunami attack, are developed by an integrated approach using numerical modeling of tsunami inundation and GIS analysis of post-tsunami survey data of the 2004 Sumatra– Andaman earthquake tsunami disaster, obtained from Banda Aceh, Indonesia. The fragility functions are expressed as the damage probabilit...

Tsunamis are caused by the displacement of a large volume of water, generally in an ocean or a sea. Earthquakes, volcanic eruptions and other underwater explosions, landslides, glacier calvings, meteorite impacts and other disturbances above or below water have the potential to generate a tsunami. The coastal areas of Kollam district, the present study area was seriously affected by the catastr...

[1] The study describes the development, testing and applications of site-specific tsunami inundation models (forecast models) for use in NOAA’s tsunami forecast and warning system. The model development process includes sensitivity studies of tsunami wave characteristics in the nearshore and inundation, for a range of model grid setups, resolutions and parameters. To demonstrate the process, f...

We use the 1952 Kamchatka earthquake (Mw 8.8-9.0) and tsunami to explore the effect that internal slip distribution within a rupture has on tsunami amplitude in the nearfield. Our approach is to compare simulated tsunamis from 1952 Kamchatka with deposits in order to identify areas of high slip. Spatial variations in slip during tsunamigenic earthquakes result in variation in tsunami amplitude ...

The 1896 Sanriku earthquake was a typical ‘tsunami earthquake’ which caused large tsunami despite its weak ground shaking. It occurred along the Japan Trench in the northern tsunami source area of the 2011 Tohoku earthquake where a delayed tsunami generation has been proposed. Hence the relation between the 1896 and 2011 tsunami sources is an important scientific as well as societal issue. The ...

The tsunami information, i.e. the sea level elevation, presents useful features that can be used for different case studies. It can be derived from observations, e.g. tide gages records or anomaly of sea level obtained with altimeters, but also through numerical modeling of the tsunami propagation. Once a robust numerical simulation is performed, the wave sequence, compared to available hydrody...