In this study, the effect of an experimentally increased excitability in hippocampal neurons, via hippocampal kindling, on amygdala kindling rate was investigated in rats. Animals were divided into 4 groups. In all groups, except group 2, tripolar electrodes were implanted in the amygdala and CAI region of the dorsal hippocampus. Group 2 animals were only implanted with tripolar electrodes in...

Objective. To compare the technical performance of laminectomy and percutaneous spinal cord stimulation leads with similar contact spacing by computer modeling. Method. Monopolar and tripolar (guarded cathode) stimulation with both lead types in a low-thoracic spine model was simulated using UT-SCS software. Dorsal column and dorsal root fiber thresholds were calculated as well as the area of r...

Electrical stimulation of sacral roots for electrodefecation results in simultaneous activation of the rectum and the external anal sphincter. The sphincter contraction hinders evacuation of the rectum. In this study anodal blocking has been used to reduce the activation of the external anal sphincter. Using a tripolar cuff electrode and monophasic rectangular current pulses in 7 acute minipigs...

Sharp spatial selectivity is critical to auditory performance, particularly in pitch-related tasks. Most contemporary cochlear implants have employed monopolar stimulation that produces broad electric fields, which presumably contribute to poor pitch and pitch-related performance by implant users. Bipolar or tripolar stimulation can generate focused electric fields but requires higher current t...

Though peripheral conduction velocity is widely used to characterize afferent fibers according to somatosensory modality, disagreement exists as to whether or not conduction velocity varies along such an axon's length. Therefore, in this experiment, conduction velocities were measured over very short axonal segments (7.5 to 15 mm) within the posterior tibia1 nerve, sciatic nerve, and L7 dorsal ...

We compared the half sensitivity volume and the common spatial subspace decomposition of visual evoked potentials as measures of spatial resoulion between conventional disc electrodes and tripolar concentric ring electrodes with a computer simulation. The results suggest that tripolar concentric ring electrodes can achieve much higher spatial resolution than conventional disc electrodes.

Noninvasive transcranial focal electrical stimulation (TFS) via tripolar concentric ring electrodes (TCREs) has been under development as an alternative/complementary therapy for seizure control. Transcranial focal electrical stimulation has shown efficacy in attenuating penicillin-, pilocarpine-, and pentylenetetrazole-induced acute seizures in rat models. This study evaluated the effects of T...

Introduction: The claustrum interconnects with the allocortical and neocortical regions and also projects to the hippocampus and the amygdala. .The role of claustrum in the complex partial seizure is not clear. Thus in this study the effect of amygdala lesion on anterior claustrum kindled seizures in rat were investigated. Methods: Male Wistar rats, weighting 250-300 g, were received DC curren...