Xandarellida is a well-defined clade of Lower Palaeozoic non-biomineralized artiopodans that is exclusively known from the early Cambrian (Stage 3) Chengjiang biota of South China. Here we describe a new member of this group, Xandarella mauretanica sp. nov., from the middle Cambrian (Stage 5) Tatelt Formation of Morocco, making this the first non-trilobite Cambrian euarthropod known from North ...

Abstract Evidence from the earliest-known crinoids (Tremadocian, Early Ordovician), called protocrinoids, is used to hypothesize initial steps by which elements of calyx evolved. Protocrinoid calyces are composed extraxial primary and surrounding secondary plates (both have epispires along their sutures) that unlike those more crownward fossil extant in equivalent calycinal plating strongly org...

Lower Ordovician linguliformean brachiopods from the Stavelot–Venn Massif (Belgium and Germany) are described systematically for first time. The material comprises specimens Jalhay (Solwaster Member) Ottré (Les Plattes formations of Tremadocian Floian ages, respectively. Solwaster Member yielded a relatively diverse assemblage nine species lingulide (e.g. Lingulella lata, Lithobolus sp., Broegg...

The paper is devoted to the Upper Cambrian and Tremadocian organophosphatic microfossils which were hitherto treated as conodonts and assigned mainly to the genera Coelocerodontus and Viirodus. Individual elements of the fossils, similarly to the elements of conodonts, belonged originally to the multi-element apparatuses. Present studies, based mainly on the collections from Sweden, Poland (cor...