the economic burden of human immunodeficiency virus/acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (hiv/aids) is far greater than its direct medical costs. this study estimated annual indirect costs of the hiv/aids epidemic in islamic republic of iran in 2006-2007 from societal perspective. a patient cost diary in sets of six booklets covering a total of 6 months (from october 2006 and fallowed until march...

The goal of this study was to analyze the emergence of treatment standards associated with the adoption of anti-HIV drug innovations in the empirical setting of Italian clinical practice. Due to the rapid pace of technological change and the initial uncertainty concerning capabilities and indications of new treatments, the emergence of standard patterns of care turned out to be far from predict...

conclusions according to the results, total direct medical costs for hcv patients in iran exceeded 12 billion ppp$ in (inf-rbv) treatment and 55 billion ppp$ in (peg-rbv). results average direct medical costs for the courses treated with conventional interferon plus ribavirin (inf-rbv) were 4,403 ppp$, and 20,010 ppp$ for peg-interferon plus ribavirin (peg-rbv) courses. there was an increase of...

PURPOSE To analyze the direct costs of conservative surgical treatment of breast cancer, performed in a university hospital, to the Brazilian National Health Care Public System (SUS), checking the impact of the oncoplastic approach on these costs. METHODS One hundred thirty eight breast cancer patients who had undergone conservative treatment with oncoplastic approach (n=36) or not (control g...

Implementation of injectable heroin treatment for patients with chronic heroin dependence unresponsive to oral methadone maintenance treatment has stagnated, even though the evidence for its effectiveness in this population continues to accrue. This is due to a range of political and environmental factors, not least of which is the cost of the treatment. The article by Byford et al in this issu...

BACKGROUND Trials of intermittent preventive treatment in infants (IPTi) and children (IPTc) have shown promising results in reducing malaria episodes but with varying efficacy and cost-effectiveness. The effects of different intervention and setting characteristics are not well known. We simulate the effects of the different target age groups and delivery channels, seasonal or year-round deliv...

We have been concerned with drug rediscovery since 2001 at the Gastroenterology unit of the VU University Medical Center [1]. Generic therapy, o en successfully used off-label in daily practice and well described in the literature in large observational studies, should be further developed for safe and economically viable use. To prevent off-label use but also to encourage scienti c exploration...

Background and Objective: Orphan drugs have been a highlight of discussions due to their higher prices than non-orphan drugs. There is currently no European consensus on the method of value assessment for orphan drugs. This study assessed the relationship between the prevalence of rare diseases and the annual treatment cost of orphan drugs in France, Germany, Italy, Norway, Spain, Sweden, and U...

BACKGROUND although proactive primary care, including early detection and treatment of community-dwelling frail older people, is a part of the national healthcare policy in several countries, little is known about its cost-effectiveness. OBJECTIVE to evaluate the cost-effectiveness of a proactive primary care approach in community-dwelling frail older people. DESIGN AND SETTING embedded in ...

background determining and understanding of healthcare costs and its financing method is one of the most important subjects understatement of which can cause such major problems as excessive health costs for households due to the high rate of out-of-pocket expenses. objectives the current study aimed to analyze the healthcare costs and determine the share of isfahan province, iran, from the tot...