Reneging occurs when a transport layer data receiver first selectively acks data, and later discards that data from its receiver buffer prior to delivery to the receiving application or socket buffer. Reliable transport protocols such as TCP (Transmission Control Protocol) and SCTP (Stream Control Transmission Protocol) are designed to tolerate reneging. We argue that this design should be chan...

Background: The airway surface liquid (ASL), which is a ï‌‚uid layer coating the interior epithelial surface of the bronchi and bronchiolesis, plays an important defensive role against foreign particles and chemicals entering lungs.Objective: Numerical investigation has been employed to solve two-layer model consisting of mucus layer as a viscoelastic fluid and periciliary liquid layer as a New...

A one dimensional isothermal mathematical modeling of cathode side of a Proton Exchange Membrane (PEM) fuel cell is developed for the water management problem. Water transport is investigated in both cathode Gas Diffusion Layer (GDL) and membrane through solving appropriate equations for fluid flow and mass transport in GDL and water transport within the membrane. The gaseous mixture flowing in...

Abstract: Perovskite solar cells have become an attractive subject in the solar energydevice area. During ten years of development, the energy conversion efficiency has beenimproved from 2.2% to more than 22%, and it still has a very good potential for furtherenhancement. In this paper, a numerical model of the perovskite solar cell with thestructure of glass/ FTO/ TiO2/...

Occurrence of laminar separation bubbles on solid walls of an elliptic cylinder has been simulated using a recently developed transitional model for boundary layer flows. Computational method is based on the solution of the Reynolds averaged Navier-Stokes (RANS) equations and the eddy-viscosity concept. Transitional model tries to simulate streamwise fluctuations, induced by freestream turbulen...

In this paper, development of a semi-two- dimensional mathematical model called SDAR is introduced. The model is composed of two principal modules of hydraulics and sediment transport. The newly developed SDAR model has a number of capabilities including determination of sediment transport rate, aggradation - degradation&#10calculation, longitudinal profile and lateral cross–sectional variation...

Status of this Memo This document is an Internet-Draft and is subject to all provisions of Section 3 of RFC 3667. By submitting this Internet-Draft, each author represents that any applicable patent or other IPR claims of which he or she is aware have been or will be disclosed, and any of which he or she become aware will be disclosed, in accordance with RFC 3668. Internet-Drafts are working do...

This note provides a brief overview of Transport Layer Security (TLS) protocol version 1.2 which provides security for communications on the Internet. TLS, similar to its successor SSL, allows client/server applications to communicate in a way that is designed to prevent eavesdropping,tampering, or message forgery for secure communication on the Internet[1]. Block cipher and keyed-Hash Message ...

— To provide higher layer transparency, Mobile IPv6 (MIPv6) hides mobility from transport layer such as TCP. However , it poses substantial impacts on TCP due to mobility issues, including packets loss, variation of packet size, and deviation of end-to-end transport delay, which may seriously degrade the TCP transport performance. This paper explores the impact of MIPv6 on TCP and proposes a sc...

   Zinc oxide has been considered as a promising semiconductor material for fabrication of transparent conductive oxides (TCOs), electronic devices, optoelectronics, and solar cells. Among the various morphologies of zinc oxide, nanorods are more widely used because of the ease of synthesis and providing a direct path for the transport of charge carriers. The electrochemical deposi...