Today, everything has changed and this has brought a need for learning a second language. Most countries across the world use English as their second/foreign language and the fundamental part of this process is grammar, i.e., the combination of sound, structure, and meaning system of language. A sentence can be composed of several words, clauses, as well as grammatical rules. These grammat...

since any kind of training aims at educating professionals, this research tries to merge theoretical and practical bases of translation training and remove any obstacles in different educational programs existing in the fields of translation studies. translation training is not confined to language teaching, although mastering both source and target languages will make the translators more succ...

Since the 1970s, Translation Studies have embraced skills and competences for the mapping of translation as a complex and specialised type of knowledge. A number of authors within TS have already extensively reviewed and analysed most of the existing translation and/or translator competence models, i.e., competence models literature reviews by Campbell (1998); Schäffner (2000); Kelly (2002); Py...

The development of sociological approach to the study of translation makes it possible for the researchers to adopt different methodology to develop new theoretical formulations and concepts. These formulations are arrived at through the interaction with those being studied through the interpretation of real social world and meanings of the participants involved in the translation/social event....

Upstream open reading frames (uORFs) are protein coding elements in the 5' leader of messenger RNAs. uORFs generally inhibit translation of the main ORF because ribosomes that perform translation elongation suffer either permanent or conditional loss of reinitiation competence. After conditional loss, reinitiation competence may be regained by, at the minimum, reacquisition of a fresh methionyl...

INTRODUCTION Translation quality is a central issue in the translation profession and one of the most controversial topics in translation studies today. In one aspect, translation quality is a direct result of the translation process, which cannot be separated from the principal actor in the process, namely the translator. Subsequently, translator competence is always called into question whene...

  In this article the possible effects of the translation technologies on the critical thinking and translation ability of the students of the Translation Studies would be studied through a pre-experimental method of research. The participants of this research were thirty one Iranian senior Translation Studies students at the age group of 20-26 who were selected based on their age, educational...