PURPOSE To evaluate the usefulness of the wash-in rate based on dynamic contrast-enhanced (DCE) MRI for the detection and localization of prostate cancer. MATERIALS AND METHODS In 53 patients, the wash-in rate was measured in the cancer area and in three normal areas (the peripheral zone, inner portion of the transitional zone, and outer portion of the transitional zone). On the basis of thes...

Clinical BPH as a disease has been defined as benign prostatic enlargement (BPE) [1,2]; however in clinical practice we still see many patients with no enlargement, with prostate volume less than 20 g still causing symptoms and obstruction [3]. How can this be explained? To solve the puzzle, we first need to redefine clinical BPH. We need to go back to the basic fundamental pathology of BPH, wh...

The one-dimensional (2)H double quantum filtered (DQF) spectroscopic imaging technique was used to study the orientation of collagen fibers in articular cartilage. The method detects only water molecules in anisotropic environments, which in cartilage is caused by their interaction with the collagen fibers. A large quadrupolar splitting was observed in the calcified zone and a smaller splitting...

OBJECTIVE To determine the sensitivity and accuracy of direct MR arthrography in the diagnosis of intra-articular lesions associated with femoroacetabular impingement. MATERIAL AND METHODS We used direct MR arthrography to study 51 patients with femoroacetabular impingement who underwent arthroscopic hip surgery. Surgery demonstrated 37 labral tears, 44 lesions in the labral-chondral transiti...

Populations of the Caribbean lizard, Anolis roquet, are thought to have experienced long periods of allopatry before recent secondary contact. To elucidate the effects of past allopatry on population divergence in A. roquet, we surveyed parallel transects across a secondary contact zone in northeastern Martinique. We used diagnostic molecular mitochondrial DNA markers to test fine-scale associa...

The origin and histology of the cardiac mucosa remains controversial. The classical concept that the cardiac mucosa is of gastric origin has been challenged by those who advocate that the cardiac mucosa results from a metaplastic esophageal process. Some regard cardiac mucosa as consisting solely of pure mucous glands, whereas others accept the presence of isolated parietal cells within the muc...

We study the influence of the symmetries of competing microstructures on the emergence of different mesoscopic morphologies in the growth by vapor deposition of thin solid films. We show the results of numerical simulations in (1+1) - and (2+1) -dimensional systems including different microstructures, as well as thermally activated surface diffusion in combination with a ballistic algorithm to ...

Retinal specializations such as cone-photoreceptor opsin-expression gradients, as found in several vertebrate species, are intuitively considered detrimental to color vision. In mice, the majority of cones coexpress both "blue" and "green" opsin. The coexpression ratio changes along the dorsoventral axis, resulting in a "green"-dominant dorsal and a "blue"-dominant ventral retina. Here, we aske...