After Drosophila males are rejected by mated females, their subsequent courtship is inhibited even when encountering virgin females. Molecular mechanisms underlying courtship conditioning in the CNS are unclear. In this study, we find that tyramine β hydroxylase (TβH) mutant males unable to synthesize octopamine (OA) showed impaired courtship conditioning, which could be rescued by transgenic T...

We report here the effects of several neurobiological determinants on aggressive behaviour in the fruitfly Drosophila melanogaster. This study combines behavioural, transgenic, genetic and pharmacological techniques that are well established in the fruitfly, in the novel context of the neurobiology of aggression. We find that octopamine, dopamine and a region in the Drosophila brain called the ...

We have studied the function of the major central olfactory pathway in fruit flies. Key elements of this pathway, the projection neurons (PNs), connect the antennal lobes with the lateral protocerebrum both directly and indirectly, the latter via the mushroom bodies (MBs). Transgenic expression of tetanus toxin in the majority of PNs and few MB neurons leads to defects in odor detection and mal...

The aim of this study was to determine the chemical composition of stem and compost of the button mushroom to estimate metabolizable energy (ME) and net energy of lactation (NEl) using gas production method and to determine the amount of dry matter disappearance (DMD) using in vitro technique. This study was conducted in a completely randomized design with three treatments o...

Many recent studies have shown that glycosylation patterns of Agaricus bisporus are similar to those of mammalians, so that this organism is a good candidate for the expression of glycosylated pharmaceutical protein. To achieve constant interested gene expression in all cells of the organism, proper promoter isolation is necessary. To isolate this promoter, PCR with specific primers was perform...

agaricus bisporus is the most important industrially cultivated edible mushroom. using organic wastes as substrate for cultivation of edible mushroom can provide a perfect solution for disposal of these waste materials and is part of the world's food requirements .in this study to investigate the usability of various organic wastes as growing bed for button mushroom, four types of substrat...

It is estimated that there are over 5,000 species of mushrooms worldwide. Some of them are edible and some are poisonous due to containing significant toxins. In more than 95% of mushroom toxicity cases, poisoning occurs as a result of misidentification of the mushroom by an amateur mushroom hunter. The severity of mushroom poisoning may vary, depending on the geographic location where the mush...

in this study, natural and artificial radioactivity concentration in agaricus bispora (nourished mushroom) and their composts, cantharellus cibarius and coprinus micaceuc (wild species) were determined. samples were collected from sahne and two kinds of wild mushroom species from songhor koliai township gardens all located in kermanshah province were collected. hpge gamma ray spectrometry syste...

Bachground: Toxic plants are an important reason for poisoning. The responsible plants are variable in different geographic spots. Some areas such as Lorestan province have more variety in herbal plants because of geographic condition. Because of high poisoning incidence with toxic plants and mushroom, we assessed the incidence of poisoning with mushroom and toxic plants (Tattore and Ricinus ...