Thioridazine hydrochloride, a member of the phenothiazine group, is one of the most widely used drugs in the treatment of psychiatric patients. It has a tranquilizing effect, but no therapeutically significant anti-emetic or hypothermic effect, which other phenothiazine drugs have, and does not potentiate the action of anestetics. Thioridazine is used mainly in the treatment of schizophrenia an...

OBJECTIVES To describe patterns of nonprescribed use of tranquilizers by students aged 10 to 18 years and assess the sociodemographic characteristics of these adolescents and their use of other substances. METHODS A randomized and stratified sample of 47,979 students from state and private schools of the 27 Brazilian state capitals completed a self-report questionnaire. Poisson regression was...

Cypermethrin a widely used insecticide of Pyrethroids (type II) group, was administered in mice at two dose levels (1/10 of LD50 i.e. 2.5 mg/kg and 1/5 of LD50 i.e. 5.0 mg/kg) and pharmacodynamic interactions of insecticide were studied with centrally acting drugs viz. pentobarbital sodium, amphetamine, pentylenetetrazole, acepromazine and analgin. Cypermethrin pretreatment potentiated the acti...

Background and objectives: Herbal drugs are rapidly becoming popular in recent years as alternative therapies. Numerous poly herbal formulations, which are combinations of different herbal materials/extracts are being used for prevention or treatment of various disorders. The present research has been undertaken to formulate and evaluate the quality of a tranquilizing syrup bas...

PURPOSE To determine the social contexts associated with the past-year substance use (multiple substances, alcohol, marijuana, and nonmedical use of prescription opioids, stimulants, and tranquilizers) among U.S. high school seniors. METHODS A secondary analysis of nationally representative survey data from 10 cohorts (2002-2011) of the Monitoring the Future study, including 24,809 high schoo...

A major hindrance for the development of psychiatric drugs is the prediction of how treatments can alter complex behaviors in assays which have good throughput and physiological complexity. Here we report the development of a medium-throughput screen for drugs which alter anxiety-like behavior in adult zebrafish. The observed phenotypes were clustered according to shared behavioral effects. Thi...

OBJECTIVES While the recreational use of prescription medications is widely recognized as a growing public health issue, there are limited epidemiological studies on patterns of use in Canada, particularly studies identifying populations at highest risk. The objective of this study was to describe recreational prescription drug use among Canadian adolescents by age, sex, socio-economic, immigra...

OBJECTIVE Few studies have investigated associations between adverse childhood experiences (ACE) and nonmedical use of prescription medication (NMUPM) in population-based samples of adolescents, and even fewer have examined whether promotive factors might buffer these effects. The present study assesses the direct effects of ACE and positive student-teacher relationships on NUMPD and whether po...

Antipsychotic drugs are tranquilizing psychiatric medications primarily used in the treatment of schizophrenia and similar severe mental disorders. So far, most of these drugs have been discovered without knowing much on the molecular mechanisms of their actions. The available large amount of pharmacogenetics, pharmacometabolomics, and pharmacoproteomics data for many drugs makes it possible to...