molecular farming has been considered as a secure and economical approach for production of biopharmaceuticals. human tnf related apoptosis inducing ligand (trail) as a promising biopharmaceutical candidate has been produced in different expression hosts. however, little attention has been paid to molecular farming of the trail in spite of numerous advantages of plant expression systems. theref...

Tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL) has been shown to exert potent cytotoxic activity against many tumor cell lines but not against normal cells. It has been hypothesized that this difference in TRAIL sensitivity between normal and transformed cells might be due to the expression of the non-death-inducing TRAIL receptors (TRAIL-R) TRAIL-R3 and TRAIL-R4, presumably by...

PURPOSE Tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL) selectively induces apoptosis in cancer cells and may be involved in protection from metastases. TRAIL receptor (TRAIL-R) 1 and TRAIL-R2, but not TRAIL-R3 and TRAIL-R4, mediate apoptosis. We examined the expression of TRAIL and its receptors in normal and neoplastic colon epithelium, and studied its correlation with prognos...

Tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL/Apo2L) is a member of TNF superfamily able to induce programmed death in cancer cells with no toxicity against normal tissues. TRAIL mediate apoptosis follows binding to the two death receptors, TRAIL-R1 (DR4) and/or TRAIL-R2 (DR5). In this study we investigated the cytotoxic and apoptotic effect of TRAIL on bladder cancer cells and...

TRAIL is a member of the tumor necrosis factor (TNF) family of cytokines and induces apoptosis in a wide variety of cells. Based on homology searching of a private database, a receptor for TRAIL (DR4 or TRAIL-R1) was recently identified. Here we report the identification of a distinct receptor for TRAIL, TRAIL-R2, by ligand-based affinity purification and subsequent molecular cloning. TRAIL-R2 ...

Tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL) has been shown to exert potent cytotoxic activity against many tumor cell lines but not against normal cells. It has been hypothesized that this difference in TRAIL sensitivity between normal and transformed cells might be due to the expression of the non-death-inducing TRAIL receptors (TRAIL-R) TRAIL-R3 and TRAIL-R4, presumably by...

objective(s): although tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (trail) can selectively induce apoptosis in tumor cells, more than half of tumors including non-small cell lung cancer (nsclc) exhibit trail-resistance. the purpose of this study was to determine whether subtoxic-dose cisplatin and trail could synergistically enhance apoptosis on nsclc cells and investigate its under...

Studies have shown that the Trail Making Test (TMT) predicts real-world driving performance in individuals who have cognitive deficits. However, because this test requires knowledge of the Latin alphabet, the TMT may not be appropriate for individuals who are illiterate or for those whom English is not their primary language. Because the Color Trails Test (CTT) is not influenced by knowledge of...

the ability of tnf related apoptosis inducing ligand/apo2 ligand (trail/apo2l) in order to selectively induce apoptosis in tumor cells but not normal cells makes it an attractive target for development of new cancer therapy. although trail/apo2l has been produced in several hosts, e. coli is one of the best expression systems among them due to its safety, simplicity, low cultivation cost, and k...

TRAIL-R3, a new member of the TRAIL receptor family, has been cloned and characterized. TRAIL-R3 encodes a 299 amino acid protein with 58 and 54% overall identity to TRAIL-R1 and -R2, respectively. Transient expression and quantitative binding studies show TRAIL-R3 to be a plasma membrane-bound protein capable of high affinity interaction with the TRAIL ligand. The TRAIL-R3 gene maps to human c...