windows have a major role on absorbing solar energy, reducing heat loses, and adding their values in traditional houses in ardabil. the main aim of this research is to study windows as elements of beautification and production of clean and free energy. we discern that windows can be designed to respond to the regional climates. to explore that, we review four samples of the windows in the famou...

while in the historic urban fabric of iran's cities, there are numerous traditional buildings that have stood up for more than one hundred years, today's buildings, in spite of advanced construction technologies, are not comparable with those traditional ones in terms of resiliency and durability. the sustainable vernacular strategies in design and construction of these traditional ho...

In the past few years flat user interface design has become the predom‐ inating visual style of operating systems, websites and mobile apps. Although flat design has been widely criticized by HCI and usability experts, empirical research on flat design is still scarce. We present the results of an experimental comparative study of visual search effectiveness on traditional and flat designs. The...

Traditional ship-building is still widely practiced in Indonesia, Indonesia. Every province and regions has different characteristics in the design of ships in the traditional ships. The procedure to build traditional ships is far from the influence of technology. These provide a weakness on the safety for the design and operation. Current research seeks to promote a better understanding on des...