One of the possible threats in increasing use of nanomaterials is the emergence of toxicity in humans and other animals which is discussed in nanotoxicology. In addition to toxic effects of nanomaterials themselves, different chemical precursors which are usually used in bottom-up approaches for production of nanomaterials may have secondary toxic effects in living organisms. In contrast, less ...

The toxic effects of heavy metals, zinc and copper, in unary and binary solutions were studied using the Microtox acute toxicity test which relies upon the attenuation of light intensity emitted by Vibrio fischeri. The toxic effect Gamma (ratio of the light intensity lost at time t to the light intensity remaining at time t) of zinc could be related to its concentration [X] by a two-parameter e...

Low larkspurs (Delphinium nuttalliunum Pritz., Delphinium andersonii Gray) and plains larkspur (Delphinium geyeri Greene) often poison cattle grazing on western North American rangelands. The dominant toxic alkaloid in larkspur is methyllycaconitine (MLA); other very toxic alkaloids in low and plains larkspurs are nudicauline and geyerline. Toxic alkaloid concentrations in larkspur near or abov...

Chromium (VI) is the toxic substances that are released from the electroplating and the tannery industries, it is caused serious environmental problems and is toxic to organisms. These toxic substances are effectively remediated by microorganisms such as Thiobacillus ferrooxidans. Their toxic effect is minimized by these types of microorganisms. These properties can be effectively studied in St...