With appropriate vibration modeling and analysis the incipient failure of key components such as the tower, drive train and rotor of a large wind turbine can be detected. In this paper, the Nonlinear State Estimation Technique (NSET) has been applied to model turbine tower vibration to good effect, providing an understanding of the tower vibration dynamic characteristics and the main factors in...

As one of the main characteristics of seismic waves, apparent wave velocity has great influence on seismic responses of long-span suspension bridges. Understanding these influences is important for seismic design. In this article, the critical issues concerning the traveling wave effect analysis are first reviewed. Taizhou Bridge, the longest triple-tower suspension bridge in the world, is then...

A heuristic method for optimizing a solar power tower system is proposed, in which both heliostat field (heliostat locations and number) and the tower (tower height and receiver size) are simultaneously considered. Maximizing the thermal energy collected per unit cost leads to a difficult optimization problem due to its characteristics: it has a nonconvex black-box objective function with compu...

a thermodynamic analysis of the counter flow wet cooling tower (cwct) in the steelmaking unit of the khuzestan steel company (ksc) is performed in this paper. we evaluated both energy and exergy formulations for analyzing the heat and mass transfer, exergy and second-law efficiency in this cooling tower. the lewis factor le f is an indication of the relative rates of heat and mass transfer in a...

Bayon temple, Angkor, built in the late 12th century to the early 13th century, is a masonry temple made of sandstone which has deteriorated possibly due to rain, plants, settlements, and so on. Strong winds blowing more than 20m/sec were observed in the rainy season, which may cause vibration of the structure either directly or via ground motion, we may add wind induced vibration to the list o...

According to the physical process of discharge development of insulator that is struck by lightning, the lightning flashover model for quadruple-circuit transmission line with dual voltage 220kV/110kV in same tower is established basing on EMTP. The actual evaluation index of lightning protection performance is adopted with the consideration of influence of system voltage. The characteristics o...

[1] We examine the characteristics of the initial stage (IS) in object-initiated lightning derived from current measurements on the Gaisberg tower (100 m, Austria), the Peissenberg tower (160 m, Germany), and the Fukui chimney (200 m, Japan) and their counterparts in rocket-triggered lightning in Florida. All lightning events analyzed here effectively transported negative charge to ground. For ...