The three existing dominant network families, i.e., CNNs, Transformers and MLPs, differ from each other mainly in the ways of fusing spatial contextual information, leaving designing more effective token-mixing mechanisms at core backbone architecture development. In this work, we propose an innovative token-mixer, dubbed Active Token Mixer (ATM), to actively incorporate information tokens glob...

We develop a dynamic model of platform economy where tokens serve as means payment among users and are issued to finance investment in productivity. Tokens optimally rewarded owners when token supply (normalized by productivity) is low burnt boost franchise value the normalized high. Although price determined liquid market, platform’s financial constraint generates an endogenous issuance cost t...

The present paper describes a MAC protocol for a high-speed ring with multiple tokens. The purpose of this protocol is to increase the throughput and to improve the delay-throughput characteristic of high-speed token-rings. The main concept of the new MAC protocol is to maintain several logical token-rings in the single physical ring. Each logical ring has its own token, and its operation is cl...

Mutual Exclusion is an important phenomenon in distributed systems. In this paper, we analyze and compare various mutual exclusion algorithms in distributed systems. In permission based mutual exclusion process waits for permission from other processes to enter into a critical section. In token based mutual exclusion, a special message called token is passed over the system and process holding ...